Associations of Glucose and Blood Pressure Variability with Cardiac Diastolic Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Retrospective Observational Study

Abstract

We evaluated the effects of glucose metabolism and blood pressure（BP） variability on cardiac diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） and hypertension. A total of 23 inpatients with T2DM underwent ambulatory BP monitoring（ABPM） and echocardiography. BP variability was assessed by measuring the mean BP and the standard deviation（SD） of systolic and diastolic BP over 24 hours, as well as daytime and nighttime ABPM. Cardiac diastolic function was assessed using the echocardiography E/e′ ratio. Participants had a mean age of 69.0±10.6 years, disease duration of 11.0±10.5 years, glycated hemoglobin（HbA1c） of 8.2％±1.3％, and glycated albumin（GA） of 22.0％±4.2％. Univariate analysis showed that the nighttime systolic BP, nighttime SDs of systolic and diastolic BP, urinary albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and GA/HbA1c ratio were all significantly correlated with the E/e′ ratio. Moreover, stepwise multiple regression analysis identified nighttime SD of diastolic BP, urinary albumin, and GA/HbA1c ratio as independent contributors to the E/e′ ratio. In patients with T2DM and hypertension, cardiac diastolic function was associated with nighttime diastolic BP variability and the GA/HbA1c ratio.