Abstract
To determine the association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） and nocturnal enuresis （NE） and its relation to the effectiveness of NE treatment in children undiagnosed with developmental disorders. A total of 154 children with NE （112 males and 42 females） were included in this study, aged ≥5–＜15 years, presenting at the Department of Pediatrics, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, between January 2016 and June 2017. None of the participants was diagnosed with developmental disorders. We retrospectively evaluated Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV （ADHD-RS-IV） scores, Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score （DVSS）, NE clinical characteristics, and efficacy of NE treatment. The mean age was 8.0±2.0 years （standard deviation）. Sixty-seven （40.3％） patients presented with daytime incontinence （DI）. The mean total ADHD-RS and DVSS scores were 7.7±8.0 and 6.6±4.3, respectively, and they were significantly correlated （p＝0.049）. ADHD-RS scores were significantly higher in patients with DI than in those without DI （p＝0.0006）. ADHD-RS scores and large-volume DI （a DVSS subscale item） were significantly correlated. Six months after treatment initiation, patients with ＜50％ improvement （nonresponder） in NE had significantly higher total ADHD-RS scores than those with ≥50％ improvement （responder） （p＝0.007）. Even in patients not diagnosed with developmental disorders, ADHD characteristics may influence the clinical course of NE. Evaluation of ADHD characteristics using a screening tool such as the ADHD-RS is important in the NE treatment.
