Abstract
In the R&D for creating a product or business, the approach is taken where the necessary elemental technologies are integrated to achieve the goal, while many basic researches are driven by intellectual curiosity. On the other hand, in the R&D conducted using public funding, basic and fundamental researches that cannot be done by private companies are expected, as well as production of results that will benefit society and bring forth innovations to society. On the fifth anniversary since the launch of the journal Synthesiology, experts of the fields convened to discuss how the high expectation of basic and fundamental researches should be met, the significance and potential of the synthetic approach addressed by Synthesiology, and the direction of science, technology, and innovation in the future.