Abstract
This paper presented a method to estimate the spatial distributions of fog water deposition and corresponding sulfur and nitrogen depositions. A two-dimensional fog deposition model (FDM) to predict the turbulent fog water flux was developed. The FDM-predicted turbulent fog water flux depended on the wind speed and forest parameters. Comparisons of FDM with measurement data showed that the model well reproduced the turbulent deposition of fog water during typical fog events in mountainous regions. In order to estimate fog deposition in the Kinki Region of Japan, FDM was utilized with the results derived from the 5th generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) and the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) in March 2005. In the mountainous areas, the ratios of fog water deposition to rainfall reached up to 22.5% (mean = 3.4 %). The amounts of S and NOY depositions through fog were equivalent to those through rainfall and more than those through dry deposition in some areas. A longer term prediction (1year ~) is required for further study because the contribution of fog may considerably vary with seasonal variations in the meteorology, air quality and vegetation structure.
