Simple Determination of Sulfate Ion in Rain by Volumetric Methods Using Lead (II) Nitrate and Dithizone

Abstract

Volumetric methods are proposed for simple determination of sulfate ion in rain. Lead (II) nitrate and dithizone are used as titrant and indicator, respectively, and the end point is determined either visually or photometrically. Recovery, precision, and effect of foreign ions on determination of sulfate ion by the methods were studied, and compared with those by the turbidimetry and ion chromatography. Analytical results of rain samples from Sichuan, China by the visual titration are shown together with those by the turbidimetry. The proposed methods, especially the visual titration has advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and suitability for routine analysis, and requires no expensive equipment.