Transformation of Hamlet in Popular Theater of British Malaya: Shaping Political Culture in Colonial Society

Abstract

This study delves into the adaptation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet in the popular theater of British Malaya during the early twentieth century, providing insights into the development of political culture within the colonial context. Addressing contemporary challenges in Malaysian historical research, the study extends existing research focused on Hang Tuah, a national hero whose contemporary image is thought to have been shaped by twentieth-century popular theater and film. The emphasis is on bangsawan, a form of Malayan popular theater in which Hang Tuah was introduced around 1927. Due to bangsawan’s improvised nature, written records are scarce—but newspaper reviews provide valuable insights. Tracing the evolution of Hamlet, a significant bangsawan performance before 1927, the study explores the play’s impact on shaping political culture in colonial society. Additionally, the research discusses the recurring theme of conflict between maintaining order and justice in both Hamlet and Hang Tuah, suggesting a shared cultural significance.