Gallstone disease, a review from the view point of long-term cohort studies

Abstract

We had been evaluated the long-term outcome of endoscopic papillotomy for patients with bile duct stones and clarified that prior cholecystectomy, calculus gallbladder and pneumobilia are risk factors of bile duct stone recurrence after endoscopic papillotomy. However, major cause of death in our cohorts after endoscopic treatment are cardiovascular disease and other organ cancer, because gallstones disease is strongly associated with diabetes and hyperlipidemia. We should educate the patients about importance of diet and excise to improve their prognosis. This article shows the chairman-lecture at 54^th Japan biliary association annual meeting and the open lecture on gallstone diseases.