Endoscopic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis

Abstract

Endoscopic treatment for acute cholecystitis includes endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder (ETGBD) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided transluminal drainage (EUS-GBD). Both drainage methods allow for internal drainage with stent placement, which is useful in terms of quality of life, especially for patients who are poor candidates for surgery or require continuous drainage. Although these endoscopic procedures are not well established and still technically challenging, the field of endoscopic treatment for acute cholecystitis is rapidly advancing. In order to perform endoscopic treatment safely and successfully, it is important to master not only basic techniques but also troubleshooting techniques. Herein, the current status of endoscopic treatment by ETGBD and EUS-GBD for acute cholecystitis, including indications, technical tips, and treatment outcomes are reviewed.