Risk Factors for Postoperative Dysphagia in Oral Cancer

Abstract

With the founding of its Oral Cancer Center at the Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College established a support system for patients and family members that not only provides surgery and other conventional cancer-oriented treatments, but also palliative care, nutritional support, rehabilitation, and discharge support. With this in mind, the present study sought to examine the nature of support for oral cancer patients with postoperative eating and swallowing disorders by investigating these disorders and identifying their risk factors. The study population comprised 75 surviving oral cancer patients (46 men and 29 women) discharged from the Tokyo Dental College Oral Cancer Center following treatment over a 2-year period from April 2009 to March 2011. Risk factors affecting eating and swallowing function were identified by statistical analysis. Mean age of the patients was 67.3±13.7 years. Fifteen patients had stage I cancer, while 25 had stage II, 13 had stage III, and 22 had stage IV. The feeding route at the time of discharge was oral feeding in 74 patients and a combination of oral and gastrostomy tube feeding in 1 patient. The Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital has standardized the expert evaluation and rehabilitation of oral cancer patients with eating and swallowing disorders by establishing a multidisciplinary support system from the preoperative stage onwards. In this context, the results of our analysis of factors influencing the ability of oral cancer patients to orally ingest food after treatment suggest that preoperative cancer stage classification, neck dissection, and tracheotomy are all influential factors. Patients affected by these factors require further multidisciplinary treatment, which in turn necessitates more extensive coordination with other medical professionals and community health care providers.