Influence of Various Elements on the Graphitization of High Carbon Steel (Part 2)

Study on the graphitization of high carbon steel-II

Abstract

The authors studied upon the influence of various elements on the graphitization of highcarbon steel made from electrolytic iron or sand iron with 0.01% or 0.05% aluminum addition. Samples were water-quenched from 870°C or cold drawn from 10φ to 8φ, and then heated for 24, 48, 72, 100 and 150 hours at 650°C. Results obtained were as follows:
(1) Silicon promoted the graphitization of the high carbon steel after water-quenching and cold drawing, and manganese inhibited the graphitization.
(2) The carbide forming elements such as chromium, molybdenum and tungsten inhibited graphitization and chromium was most effective.
(3) Titanium, zirconium and boron promoted the graphitization very markedly after water-quenching and accelerated the graphitization after cold drawing. Vanadium restrained the graphitization after cold drawing, but accelerated graphitization after water-quenching as the vanadium increasedt to over 0.1%.
(4) Nickel promoted the graphitization after cold drawing and copper had littel effect on the graphitization. Columbium inhibited the graphitization after cold drawing, but accelerated the graphitization after water-quenching.
(5) Tin inhibited the graphitization very markedly after water-quenching and cold drawing. Phosphorus, tellurium, antimony and arsenic restrained the graphitization. High carbon steel made from ordinary scrap was highly resistant to graphitization in the presence of small amounts of tin.