Study on Specifications of Heavy Steel Forgings made by Basic Electric Arc Furnace and Acid Open Hearth Furnace as well as Investigation on Vacuum Casting

Abstract

The largest differences between vacuum casting and open air casting materials were
(1) gas contents, namely hydrogen and oxygen contents, (2) nonmetallic inclusions, especially quantity and feature of oxide inclusions and (3) austenitic grain size, especially difference of grain size in coarse grain steel. In the field of mechanical properties and qualities, the merits of vacuum casting are summarized as follows; (4) decrease of deflection of mechanical factor, (5) some improvement of ductility and (6) improvement of nondestructive test result.
In the case of open air casting procedure, the main differences between the products from basic electric arc furnace and those from acid open hearth furnace in this investigation were the difference of the quantitative and qualitative relations of nonmetallic inclusions, and quantities of gas components.