1978 Volume 64 Issue 8 Pages 1114-1123
The circulation behaviour of Fe, Mn, Si, Mg, Zn, Na, K, S, and Cl in blast furnace is studied. The compounds of circulating elements and the region of the circulation are quantitatively estimated by thermodynamic calculations using gas compositions measured by the vertical probes at a working blast furnace. The probable vapour pressures of circulating species are quantitatively estimated by the mass spectrometric analysis of Knudsen effusates from pig iron, slag, and coke.