Engulfment and Pushing of Foreign Particles Such As Inclusions and Bubbles at Solidifying Interface

Abstract

Previous studies on the behavior of particles at an advancing solid-liquid interface were critically reviewed on the following points : 1) physicochemical feature of the advancing interface-partical system, especially the interface shape in relation to solute concentration in the liquid and the difference in thermal conductivity between particle and liquid, etc., 2) forces of buoyant, viscous drag, Saffman, van der Waals and interfacial tension gradient acting on the particle in the vicinity of the advancing interface, 3) theoretical treatises on the description of critical velocity V_c as a function of various factors of the system, particles are engulfed by the interface advancing at the rate larger than V_c, 4) experimental results on V_c in relation to particle radius, interface shape, viscosity of the liquid, temperature gradient in the liquid, free energy change in the transfer of particle from liquid to the solid phase, heat diffusivities of particle and liquid, solute concentration of the liquid and volume fraction of particle at the interface.