Biological characterization of cellulose nanofibril suspensions

Abstract

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), also known as cellulose nanofibers, there is a concern about risks of their toxicity. In this study, we measured bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, endotoxins, and beta-glucan in a variety of CNF suspensions, and further evaluated the effectiveness of sterilization of microorganisms or inactivation of microbial components in CNF suspensions using antibiotics, high-temperature, or autoclave treatment sterilization, while evaluating the physicochemical properties of CNFs.