Abstract
Since production of non-timber forest products (NTFP) does not involve logging in principle, and provides income, it is expected to contribute for forest conservation as well as local people,s well-being. Studies have been carried out to evolve the factors determining the sustainability of NTFP production. This paper aims to provide additional information on thitsi (Melanorrhoea usitata / Gluta usitata, lacquer resin) production system of Myanmar. Thitsi has been used for centuries, but the production system is not known well. Plot surveys and interviews at three villages in Sagaing Division were conducted to obtain information about the production system of thitsi. Questions were mainly about (1) the method of resin collection, (2) situation of land and forest regulations, property rights and organizations, (3) economic conditions of producers and non-producers. The results showed that the tapping method seemed to have low impact on the thitsi trees at present, but there was no regeneration activity, the legal property rights were not clear, and there was no institution to control the use by people of other villages. The present situation seemed to be retained by the self-sufficient way of the livings of the local people, and the nature of the resin market that was mainly for domestic purposes with a relatively stable demand. However, competition for thitsi trees was observed, so if the people need more cash and the markets drastically expand in the future, it might be difficult to keep control of the use of this forest resource.
