Recapitulating human embryo implantation in vitro using stem cells and organoids

Abstract

Implantation is the process in which an embryo invades the endometrium. Therefore, reliable models are required to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying human embryo implantation. We recently developed an advanced embryo implantation assembloid by co-culturing organoids that simulate the structure of the human endometrium with blastocyst-like entities derived from naïve pluripotent stem cells. This paper reviews and juxtaposes various studies on in vitro human embryo mimicry, centering on the implantation model we developed, and highlights the methodologies and findings of our investigation, along with other critical advances in the field.