Research on Techniques and Materials in Polish Primary Education Art II

—Focusing on the Painting Field—

Abstract

This study focuses on the painting materials and techniques used in primary art education in Japan and Poland, with particular attention to the field of painting, which is compared and discussed in this paper. Regarding oil pastels, it was found that in Japan they are used mainly in the lower grades, while in Poland they are used mainly in the middle and upper grades, as painting materials for multilayered and descriptive depiction. The use of watercolors was also found to emphasize the multilayered nature of the paint. Based on the way these painting materials were used, we concluded that there is a difference in the way of thinking in painting production between Japan and Poland, rather than a difference in the painting materials themselves. In Japan, since the free painting education in the Taisho period (1912–1926), free expression rather than imitation has been emphasized in art education. In Poland, art education emphasizes children’s independence, skills through copying, and the acquisition of ways of looking at and thinking about things through art production, and the differences between the two have led to a search for a better form of art education.