A study on the problems facing HOA in U.S.A. and the governmental response to those problems

Abstract

This study examines the problems facing HOA in U.S.A. and the governmental response to those problems. This study clarifies existence of excessive restrictions, high rates of litigation, social division and the inadequacy of consumer protection. As the results, the study found that the governmental response to those problems facing HOA is not necessarily effective, and that those problems should be paid more attention for considering the introductionof a new management system of living environment in Japan.