2015 Volume 10 Pages 34-42
In the 2000s, gentrification spread to North Brooklyn in New York City. Loft architecture was used for studios and factories, and warehouses were converted for creative activities in Williamsburg. Additionally, industrial landscape was used as a motif for creative apparel brands. Then, in 2005, industrial zones were changed to residential and commercial zones in Williamsburg and Greenpoint. A floor area bonus for construction of new condominiums was given in order to create affordable housing units. However, residents recognized a usage gap between ownership housing units and renting housing units. Large-scale new-build gentrification led to displacement of minorities.
