Analysis of Color Misrecognition in Congenital Color Vision Deficiency Based on Color-Naming Test

Abstract

Using a 32-patch color-naming test based on the PCCS hue circle, we examined 122 individuals with congenital color vision deficiency. Dichromats averaged 16.7 errors, whereas anomalous trichromats averaged 5.4 errors. Errors were most frequent in very pale and very dark colors. Dichromats confused both adjacent and widely separated hues, while anomalous trichromats primarily confused adjacent hues on the hue circle. Naming responses were highly unstable and exhibited large inter-individual variability. This quick, clinically practical test provides valuable information for vocational guidance and daily-life support for individuals with color vision deficiency.