Tee shot trajectory visualization in live golf programs using object extraction and motion estimation

Abstract

A visualization system for tee shot trajectories in live golf programs is developed. The system extracts and tracks ball regions in ball-following camera images, and measures ball directions. The ball trajectory curve is calculated based on the ball directions and it is superimposed on the ball-following camera image. The system uses only a regular broadcasting camera, and doesn't require any additional camera or operator. Moreover, the system estimates the ball fall timing and fall position by predicting the three dimensional ball position sequentially. Therefore, the pointing operation is semi-automated, and the system can draw the ball trajectory immediately.