Investigation of Immunity Level against Diphtheria and Reinforcement of Immunity by Booster Vaccination for Infection Control Staff in Okayama Prefecture

Abstract

The prevalence of immunity against diphtheria among Okayama local government staff members involved in diphtheria infection control was measured. Diphtheria booster vaccination was administered to staff members with low antitoxin levels (<0.1 IU/ml) in order to reinforce of immunity. Ninety-one (36.7%) of 248 staff members, 20-69 years of age, had fully protective antitoxin levels (≧0.1 IU/ml), and the remaining 157 (63.3%) showed levels of <0.1 IU/ml. The rate of full protection was higher in females (44.9%) than in males (22.8%) and was also higher in the diphtheria-pertussis mixed vaccine (born in 1958-1967) and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus mixed vaccine (born in 1968-) (58.3-61.0%) groups than in diphtheria vaccine (born in 1948-1957) and non-vaccinated (born until 1947) (7.4-18.9%) groups. Though antitoxin levels of 13 (68.4%) out of 19 staff members given booster vaccinations increased to 0.1 IU/ml, 50% of these individuals then showed levels of <0.1 IU/ml after 3 years. Most of the staff members with antitoxin levels of ≧0.1 IU/ml in the non-booster vaccination group maintained their immunity levels for 2-4 years, independent of their history of vaccination. To ensure that staff members of the local government have fully protective antitoxin levels against diphtheria, periodical confirmation of antitoxin levels and booster vaccination should both be systematically carried out.