The Factors Associated with Prevention and Control Practices against Zika Virus Infection among Pregnant Women in Malaysia, a Dengue-Endemic Country

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevention and control practices against Zika virus (ZIKV) infection among pregnant women in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who received antenatal care. Only 7.8% reported that they abstained from sex or used barrier methods during sexual intercourse to prevent ZIKV transmission. The odds of abstaining from sex or using barrier methods were significantly higher among the Chinese ethnic group than the Malay ethnic group (odds ratio [OR] = 4.569; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.696–7.743). A total ZIKV knowledge score of 12–24 was also significantly associated with higher odds of abstaining from sex or using barrier methods than a score of 0–11 (OR = 2.819; 95% CI: 1.682–4.725). In total, 38.6% of women had a higher mean total score for all the current mosquito control practices than they did before hearing of ZIKV. Participants living in bungalows or village houses (OR = 2.006; 95% CI: 1.023–3.936) and low-rise houses (OR = 1.566; 95% CI: 1.109–2.212) were more likely to have a higher mean total score of current mosquito control practices than the practices before hearing of ZIKV compared to those in high-rise houses. The lack of ZIKV knowledge and control practices provides insight for the pre-emptive and prompt development of health education systems for pregnant women during antenatal care visits.