Epidemiological Features, Risk Factors, and Disease Burden of Respiratory Viruses among Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Xiamen, China

Abstract

Well-established surveillance and monitoring systems for respiratory viruses need to be improved, and epidemiological data on respiratory viruses in China are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses among hospitalized children aged ≤2 years with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in Xiamen, China, from October 2014 to September 2017. The clinical records of 7,248 children hospitalized for ARTIs were retrospectively analyzed. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (22.3%) was the most common virus among hospitalized children aged ≤2 years, followed by parainfluenza (5.0%), adenovirus (3.5%), and influenza (1.7%). RSV-infected children had a higher disease burden, including a higher intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate (12.7%) and higher hospital charges ($635.36). Particularly, infants aged <6 months had the highest risk of RSV infection (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.9–2.9) and a higher ICU admission rate (12.1% vs. 4.5%, 4.6%) and hospital cost ($923.3 vs. $785.5, $811.7) than the other age groups. Therefore, infants aged 0–6 months, particularly premature infants and children with congenital diseases, should receive more attention. There is an urgent need to develop effective immunization strategies to protect these infants during the first 6 months of life and in the RSV season.