In this study, we reviewal designated types of vegetation units of rheophytic shrub communities on Rocks. The description and typification by Tanaka et al. (2024) were inadequate according to the International Phytosociological Nomenclature Convention, 4th edition (Theurillat et al., 2021). As a result, the lectotype of Lespedezetalia buergeri Tanaka et al. 2024 and Spiraeetum thunbergii Ya. Sasaki et Oota 1986, the neotype of Rhododendretum indici Minamikawa 1963 and Rhododendretum ripensis Yamanaka et Takezaki 1959 were selected again, the holotype of Lespedezetea buergeri Tanaka et al. 2024 and the Spiraenion thunbergi Tanaka et al. 2024 was explicitly represented.

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In this study, we examined type specimens and related materials collected from Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, deposited in the herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LE). Many of these specimens were collected by the Russian botanist C. J. Maximowicz (1827–1891) and his assistant Tschonosuki (Chonosuke) Sukawa, and most have been described as new taxa by C. J. Maximowicz. Additional complementary data obtained in this investigation, such as collection date, locality, and collector, are registered in the database of Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History along with images of the specimens: 196 specimens from 69 taxa comprising angiosperms (dicots). In this paper, we indicated the information of examined type materials, including the type materials of thirteen taxa (Myriophyllum spicatum L. var. muricatum Maxim., Rhynchosia volubilis Lour. var. acuminata Maxim., Achudemia japonica Maxim., Elatostema umbellatum Blume var. majus Maxim., Actinostemma lobatum (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav. var. japonicum Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav., Polygonum suffultum Maxim., Stellaria monosperma Buch.-Ham. var. japonica Maxim., Andromeda cernua (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq. var. rubens Maxim., Rhododendron ledifolium G. Don var. purpureum Maxim., Vincetoxicum japonicum (C.Morren & Decne.) Decne. var. grayanum Maxim., Veronica ornata Monjusch., Ajuga genevensis L. var. pallescens Maxim. and Senecio krameri Franch. & Sav.) that we have discovered.

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This paper is the fourth part of taxonomic notes of Japanese Cryptinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). In this study, 11 genera of tribe Aptesini Smith & Shenefelt, 1955 and six genera of tribe Cryptini Kirby, 1837 are studied. Plectocryptus Thomson, 1873 is new to Japan. The following 32 new species and one new subspecies are described: Aconias fujiei sp. nov.; Ac. longisetosus sp. nov.; Aptesis albicoxalis sp. nov.; Ap. ezoensis sp. nov.; Ap. jinbensis sp. nov.; Ap. minor sp. nov.; Ap. yamauchii sp. nov.; Cubocephalus asiaticus sp. nov.; C. confusus sp. nov.; C. nanus sp. nov.; C. sapporensis sp. nov.; C. uryuensis sp. nov.; Giraudia kurenai sp. nov.; Gi. nana sp. nov.; Javra albotrochantellata sp. nov.; J. gigantea sp. nov.; J. japonica sp. nov.; J. minamiashigarensis sp. nov.; J. minuta sp. nov.; J. tenuis sp. nov.; Megaplectes bicornis sp. nov.; Meg. konishii sp. nov.; Parmortha albitarsale sp. nov.; Pa. gigantea sp. nov.; Pa. nigra sp. nov.; Plectocryptus japonicus sp. nov.; Pleolophus obtusus sp. nov.; Schenkia alpina sp. nov.; S. japonica sp. nov.; S. minuta sp. nov.; S. uryuensis sp. nov.; Goryphus albofasciatus erabu subsp. nov.; Listrognathus (Listrognathus) octoguttatus sp. nov. The following three species and one subspecies are newly recorded from Japan: Ap. flagitator (Rossi, 1794); Ap. melana Li & Sheng, 2013; Idiolispa analis analis (Gravenhorst, 1807); L. (L.) yunnanensis He & Chen, 1996. The following three new synonyms are proposed: Ac. tarsatus (Bridgman, 1881) = Plec. albitarsis Uchida, 1936 Syn. nov.; Parmortha maruyamensis (Uchida, 1930) = Cratocryptus microstriatellus Uchida, 1952 Syn. nov.; Nippocryptus alutaceus (Tschek, 1871) = Caenocryptus canaliculatus Momoi, 1968 Syn. nov. Furthermore, the generic position of Aptesis opaca (Cushman, 1937) changed to Oresbius Marshall, 1867 (comb. nov.) and a new replaced name, O. cushmani nom. nov. is proposed. Some redescriptions, new distribution records, and keys to species in 10 genera are also provided.

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Two new species of the genus Stalix (Perciformes: Opistognathidae), Stalix albonotata sp. nov. and Stalix yanoi sp. nov., are described, based on two specimens of each, from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Stalix albonotata differs from all congeners by the following combination of characters: longitudinal scale rows 45 or 46; 40–42 total gill rakers on first gill arch (in adults); first 2 mandibular pores well-spaced; lateral line terminating below second or third dorsal-fin soft ray base (dorsal-fin element 13 or 14); anteroventral margin of upper lip crenulate; body grayish-yellow, with fine brown and white vermiculations; dorsal-fin membrane grayish-yellow, with several irregular white blotches when fresh; anterior gular region unpigmented. Stalix yanoi differs from all congeners by the following combination of characters: longitudinal scale rows 45–48; 36–37 total gill rakers on first gill arch; two sensory pores present on posterior half of interorbital space; first 2 mandibular pores well-spaced; anteroventral surface of upper lip smooth; body uniformly whitish-green, covered with slight brown pigmentation; and dorsal-fin membrane whitish-green (without notable pattern or markings when fresh). A key to the Japanese species of Stalix is given.

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In November 2007, an adult female (29.0 mm SL) Smilosicyopus leprurus (Sakai & Nakamura, 1979) was collected on Ani-jima Island, Ogasawara Islands, Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. Characterized by a row of canine-like symphyseal teeth on both the upper and lower jaws, ca. 17 upper jaw teeth and 0 transverse scale rows, short clearly-defined moustache-like coloring above the upper lip, and the body mainly greyish without a lateral band, the specimen represented the first record from the Ogasawara Islands. Previously, S. leprurus has been recorded from a wide distribution in the western Pacific, including the Ryukyu Archipelago and Mikura-jima Island, Izu Islands, Japan. A juvenile (13.7 mm SL) of S. leprurus collected from Mikura-jima Island in July 2010, and briefly reported in the “Red Data Book Tokyo 2014: Islands version” (Senou, 2014), is described in detail herein. Given the amphidromous life cycle of S. leprurus, the collection of the above two specimens suggests that the species presence on the Izu and Ogasawara islands was likely due to larval dispersal via the Kuroshio Current and/or other ocean currents such as the Kuroshio Counter-Current or North Equatorial Current from the Kuroshio basin, as the species is not considered as established on either island group. However, the adult specimen from Ani-jima Island, which had apparently inhabited the island for some time after its recruitment, suggests that S. leprurus could become established on the Ogasawara Islands in the future.

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Artificial debris, along with sea plants, were found as gut contents of an immature female green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) with a shell length of 470 mm, stranded on the Kozu coast, Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture. This artificial debris was examined, and items measured, to understand trends in the color and size of debris that green sea turtles mistakenly ingest. This study found that most of the artificial debris comprised soft plastic. These items were mostly transparent or semi-transparent, with the proportion of colored soft plastics being low. The other items of artificial debris were fibers (including fishing line), but there was no hard plastic. The maximum length of the soft plastic pieces was approximately 210 mm, with most fragments being smaller. A band of white plastic found in the coprodeum retained its original shape, suggesting that green sea turtles can ingest and later pass soft plastics of around 200 mm in length. It is not clear whether ingestion of artificial debris was the cause of the turtle’s death on the basis of poor nutritional status, as its relatively well-developed fat tissue suggests it was not in a particularly poor nutritional state. However, 19 holes were found on the bone of the skull that appeared to be barnacle traces, and one of these had penetrated the bone. These holes were probably made by barnacles that embedded themselves in the turtle, such as Platylepas hexastylos, a species commonly found on green sea turtles. Attachment of large numbers of Platylepas hexastylos to the skin of a sea turtle occurs primarily in sick animals and is therefore a general indicator of reduced health. In the green sea turtle under study, the relationship between plastic ingestion and deteriorating health is not clear, but the turtle may have died because of deteriorating health, allowing the barnacles to erode and penetrate the skull. Thus, it is important to monitor the gut contents of sea turtles stranding in Kanagawa Prefecture and report evidence of penetration by barnacles.

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