A new species of decapod crustacean, assigned to Bittnerilia De Angeli and Garassino, 2003, is described from outcrops of Lutetian age from Alicante (Spain). The new taxon is compared with all the species assigned to the genus, all of them recovered until now from Italy.

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Barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica) from the Pliocene–Pleistocene deposits of Southwest Japan are examined. As a result of this study, six species in six genera, representing new records for the Japanese Pliocene–Pleistocene, are reported. Two new species, Tubicinella nodai from the Lower Pleistocene Shinzato Formation and Striatobalanus makiyamai from the Lower Pleistocene Dainichi Formation are described. Conopea granulata (Hiro, 1937) from the Shinzato Formation is recorded for the first time from the Lower Pleistocene of Japan. Octolasmis orthogonia (Darwin, 1852 [1851]) from the Dainichi Formation is the oldest record of Japan. The occurrences of Verruca stroemia (O. F. Müller, 1776) from the Zukawa and Dainichi formations show that this species survived in Japan from the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. Cetopirus complanatus (Mörch, 1853) from the Upper Pleistocene Wan Formation represents the youngest fossil record of Japan.

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The sepiidan fossil and drilling holes attributed to octopodids from the Middle Pleistocene Atsumi Group, southwest Japan, are reported. A cuttlebone of Acanthosepion cf. esculentum (Hoyle) is the second record of Sepiidae from the Atsumi Group. The octopod drilling holes preserved in pelecypod and gastropod shells are figured for the first time from the group.

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Ergaea walshi (Reeve), a symbiotic calyptraeid inhabits inside of gastropod shells used by hermit crabs. We report E. walshi preserved in gastropods from the Upper Pliocene–Lower Pleistocene (Piacenzian–Gelasian) Takanabe Formation and the Middle Pleistocene Toyohashi Formation. These autochthonous occurrences of E. walshi are an exceptional fossil record from the Pliocene–Pleistocene of Japan.

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The finger tips of an undetermined species of Alpheus (Alpheidae) are recorded from the Shukunohora Facies of the Akeyo Formation (Early Miocene: Burdigalian), the Dainichi Formation (Early Pleistocene: Gelasian) and the Nakoshi Formation (Early Pleistocene: Calabrian). The occurrence of the Shukunohora Facies extends the geologic range for Alpheidae of Japan back to the Early Miocene (Burdigalian).

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Four specimens of Tymolus ingens Takeda and Tomida (Decapoda: Cyclodorippidae) are reported from the Lower Miocene (Burdigalian) Oi Formation of the Ichishi Group in Mie Prefecture, central Japan. The thoracic sternum, maxilliped 3, and pleon of Tymolus ingens are figured for the first time.

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Two new brachyurans from the Miocene and Pleistocene deposits of Ishikawa Prefecture are reported. Macrocheira sp. (Macrocheiridae) is the first recorded from the Middle Miocene (Langhian) Sekinobana Formation. Euclosiana obtusifrons (De Haan), a leucosiid crab from the Lower Pleistocene (Calabrian) Onma Formation is the oldest fossil record in Japan. The carapace of E. obtusifrons has exceptionally preserved traces of color spots.

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A single specimen of an undetermined genus and species of Crangonidae (Caridea) is reported from the Lower Miocene (Burdigalian) Shimoda Formation of the Shidara Group in Aichi Prefecture, central Japan. The specimen represents the first and oldest fossil record to Crangonidae of Japan.

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Two species belonging to two goneplacid genera from the Miocene of Japan are herein described. Carcinoplax granulimanus Karasawa and Inoue, 1992, from the Middle Miocene (Serravallian) Osaki Formation of Tanegashima, is assigned to Entricoplax Castro, 2007. The revised diagnosis and description are provided for this species. Exopheticus cf. hughi (Rathbun, 1914) is recorded from the Lower Miocene (Burdigalian) Kurosedani Formation of central Honshu. Both genera are recorded for the first time from the Miocene of Japan.

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Museum collections abound with undescribed, but significant specimens. A slab from the Carboniferous of north-east England preserves a moderately diverse and thought -provoking ichnofauna. Although the associated label calls the most prominent trace Scolicia, this reference to a post-Palaeozoic ichnogenus is not accepted. Rather, these trails, preserved as epichnial grooves, are assigned to Cruziana embletonia (Tate) comb. nov. These sinuous trails have a broad U-shaped section, with a median, continuous groove flanked by multiple, symmetrically developed, fine annulations. Other nominal ichnospecies are Helminthopsis abeli Książkiewicz and Neoeione moniliformis (Tate). Helminthopsis abeli refers to hypichnial string-like, irregularly meandering burrows. Neoeione moniliformis is unbranched, preserved on both upper and lower surfaces of the slab, and appears like a string of beads.

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A new species of Nephropsis, N. larryi new species, from the Lincoln Creek Formation of Washington, USA, differs from all previously described species of Nephropsis. The Lincoln Creek Formation of Washington, USA, was deposited in a continental shelf environment, preserving many genera of in-vertebrates, including lobsters, which have not been formally described from the formation. Nephropsis is known from eighteen extant species and only one other fossil species. The fossil species, Nephropsis midwayensis Rathbun, 1935, is from the Paleocene of Gulf Coastal USA. Additionally, nearly every other species of Nephropsis is known from either the Atlantic Ocean or the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, with only one being native to the Western Pacific coast of North America.

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A well-preserved fossil bivalve is here described as a new species, Halicardia toyamaensis sp. nov., collected from a calcareous nodule within gray mudstone of the latest Early to earliest Middle Miocene Kurosedani Formation at Kashio, Yatsuo-machi, Toyama City, central Japan. The genus Halicardia is represented today by twelve living species that inhabit the upper bathyal to abyssal zones. In the Kurosedani Formation, most molluscan fossils occur as scattered articulated and disarticulated shells within mudstone; this taphonomic mode indicates a para-autochthonous assemblage. Considering the habitat depths of the associated molluscan fossils and the depositional environment inferred from benthic foraminiferal fossils, the depositional depth of the Kurosedani Formation at the study site is estimated to have been within the upper bathyal zone.

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A new bivalve genus, Nipponocardium is proposed for Cardium shiobarense (Yokoyama, 1926) (type species) and C. angustum (Yokoyama, 1925), an exceptional genus of Laevicardiinae in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Among them, Nipponocardium shiobarense flourished in Honshu during the Late Miocene while N. angustum has been mainly recorded from the Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene deposits in the Japan Sea borderland. This genus became extinct by the end of the Early Pleistocene in Japan.

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Fiona Fearnhead made her home in palaeontology late in life, but rose to prominence as an expert on the Devonian and, particularly, Silurian crinoids of the British Isles. She was a co-author of two major monographs on these fossils, as well as of contributing chapters and shorter papers on crinoids, trace fossils and museum studies. Fiona was author or co-author of twenty-one new species of mid-Palaeozoic crinoid.

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