The work force to the space management work is insufficient because of aging and an absent successor in the hilly rural area. The management of the production farmland will be expected to be abandoned in the future. As a solution,there is a system of village farming that reorganize manpower in the village. This study aims to understand which how much work who is doing in the village where the village farming functions. As a result,the following two points were clarified. The first point, work in the village is being covered by the person for whom it is suitable in the village. And the second point,each home in the village can select the working pattern.

View full abstract

In this paper, three different methods of teaching were tested at an elementary school to compare them in terms of the effectiveness of traffic safety education; the first one is a workshop to let students discuss the dangers in the photos, the second one is to watch a published video about bicycle-riding, and the last one is to play an original environmental game oriented transport. After the experiment, participants' attitudes toward bicycle traffic safety increased in three groups, especially in the video group, but in one month their scores returned to the level before the experiment. Their behavior also changed in the workshop and video groups one month after the experiment. They could participate in the workshop group most positively and independently.

View full abstract

LR Project is the most important method of the urban development in Japan and 55% of all LR projects is Co-operative type LR, which means the LR projects implemented by land owners. However, Co-operative LR projects are often supported by Public sectors, especially by Municipalities. This study aims to analyze the actual situation of Municipality Investments and Supports for Co-operative LR projects. As a result, we indicate the characteristic of the requirement by Municipalities and the subjects to be solved.

View full abstract

Recently a number of local communities are against to the large scale developments on large scale sites, because new developments would have negative impact to the local amenities. For tackling this issue, local municipalities tend to establish planning ordinance to control developments. The purpose of this study is to clarify large-scale development control system and its practice based on the planning ordinance. The study firstly reviews situation of developments in the three metropolitan areas in Japan, followed by the analysis of questionnaire survey to local planning authorities. From the analysis, we could identify two important stages on development control in Fuchu City: two-tier development control stages, such as sell and buy stages. Also the important tool for the development control in Fuchu City is Master Plan. Accordingly, they should develop amendment system of Master plans and detailed planning strategies of local area.

View full abstract

The central of Jyohana in Nanto city are famous for the traditional festival. From 1997, the national road No.304 that run through the area had the road widening construction. Then the new rows-of-houses appeared along the road. This study aimed to verify the direction of the design of appearance of house that the guideline expressed by sentences and how the owner of the building had recognized the guideline. And also it clarifies the relation between the difference of the recognition to the guideline and the difference of the concern to construction of the owner in the building. As a result, the designs of past buildings were used as a common image and they put it up for their new buildings.

View full abstract

Recently, citizen's participation in urban planning and policy decisions became very important. This paper aims to describe the reality of the Open Hearing System and Urban Master Planning in Korea. An Open Hearing System has been used as a way of introducing citizen's participation in Korea since 1981; but it was detected that some problems related to timing of participation, citizen's opinions and its reflections on the plan appeared through reviewing Suwon City's case. Suwon City is one of municipality and located in Gyeonggi Province. This paper proposes the creation of a Mutual Agreement Process to replace the flawed Citizen Participation Process on Urban Master Planning. It will require informing and training the citizens, molding a new technique of conferencing, and the guarantee of planning power for the municipalities.

View full abstract

Since 1960's, Motorization continues in Japan. It brings various merits for our life, but also brings a lot of demerits such as traffic congestion, traffic incidents, environmental problems, and declination of shopping area on city center. In this study, we focused car restriction of shopping area to activate city center. We hypotheses that shop owner whom voice in the negative about car restriction does not know the fact such as "pedestrian desire car restriction", so the information of the fact would given to them, then their attitude towards car restriction would change as those in the positive. We did before and after surveys to verify this hypothesis, and the results of analysis suggested the hypothesis.

View full abstract

This study deals with legal systems to impose an obligation of greening buildings, and attempts to contribute the examination of the desirable regulations to green buildings by comparing, classifying, examining them. This study classifies the systems into 4 patterns from the aspect of objectives. We also categorize those to 3 patterns based on the aspect of enforceability. And we compare and examine each categorized pattern and other items of the systems. As a result, our analysis of the study brings out the desirable way of application of the legal systems. That is combination of the enforceable system based on Urban Greenery Act and the nonbinding system based on ordinances. Keywords: Greening, Urban Greenery Act, Ordinance, Regulation to green building

View full abstract

Nowadays, many shops begin to locate in cyberspace based on advanced information technology. This paper aims to clarify the location pattern of cyber-shops, and to indicate the necessity to introduce space control for cyber-shop location. In this study, locations of 3,103 cyber-shops are examined from 16 new concepts, such as space penetrativity, inertiability and so on. It is clarified that cyber-shop concentrate at Tokyo central city compared to usual shops. Moreover, not so many cyber-shops locate in the existing urban area, excluding Tokyo. It is also found that some shops that sell download style software like movies tend to affect urban bustle seriously. Introduction of new space control for cyber-shop locations is suggested to reduce serious urban problems in the decreasing society.

View full abstract

Recently, tram is focused on as one of the effective measures for the global warming, aging society and the reform of urban structure in Japan. In 2004, the French Government decided to reduce subsidy for tram and the UK Government revoked the proposed 3 tram schemes. In this paper, comparison analysis on the urban structure, tram service, passenger number and so on, as well as research of the current issues in UK and French tram systems were carried out in order to distill useful lessons for Japanese tram projects. In conclusion, Japanese urban area is suitable for tram, but the major traffic axis and population distribution should be considered for route design. UK experiences and tram supporting measures should be more highlighted because urban transport market in UK is fully liberalized.

View full abstract

This paper aims to clarify spatial characteristics and urban design of civic center analyzing 39 prefectural capital cities formed civic center in the Meiji and Taisho Era. Findings are as follows: 1) Civic centers in Japanese castle-towns were formed in castle districts, in another they were formed along main streets or behind commercial districts. 2) 4 types of urban design using main streets can be seen in cities formed civic centers in castle districts or along main streets. 3) 4 type of urban design using withdrawal roads can be seen in cities formed civic centers behind commercial districts. 4) Pattern of placing government or municipal office in focal point of vista can be seen in various types of urban design.

View full abstract

The objective of this paper is to grasp the characteristics of planning framework toward regeneration of large-scale industrial and port area such as Keihin Waterfront Area in Tokyo-Yokohama. Taking the recent spatial planning initiatives in London and Rotterdam as study cases, the authors analyzed the spatial planning frameworks in three different spatial levels: region, the entire industrial and port area, and development/regeneration districts. Major characteristics of the frameworks were (1) regeneration of industrial and port area as a component of regional strategy, (2) clear integrated strategy of different fields for the entire industrial and port area, (3) clear future visions and original implementation methods for development/regeneration districts, and (4) promotion of plans by small and mobile coordinating actors.

View full abstract

This study aims to clarify the pattern of urban retreat in residential zone types that differ from development methods. Information of building location based on residential maps is analyzed from 1970s to 2000s. From the analysis of three different types of residential zone, it is clarified that the pattern of urban retreat could be called as 'Reverse Sprawl'. It is also found that un-planned sprawl area is suffered from heavy reverse sprawl. On the other hand, retreated and open lots in the area with land-readjustment tend to be reused soon. In the case of unified and simultaneous development area, it is clarified that only a few samples have been observed that retreated from the area.

View full abstract

In order to cover the old Japan National Railway (JNR) debt, a lot of JNR properties were sold by the government. Most of those JNR properties are located close to the station. Therefore they are very important sites from the view point of the urban redevelopment. As a matter of fact, a lot of lands are now used for the urban redevelopment and improvement projects. This study aims to show how the old JNR properties were converted, especially focused on its location and size. And we sent the questionnaires to Municipalities which have the old JNR properties and analyze the evaluation of those land use conversions.

View full abstract

This study aims at the problem and ideal presentation of the land use management plan settled on independent and actively by taking up those of Hotaka Town and Matsukawa Village settled on to deal with the problem on the land use. We clarify that Hotaka Town where correspondence is delayed has become a situation that could not help widely including the Agricultural Promotion Farm. On the other hand, Matsukawa Village has been able to control the designation of the development inducement area depended on the Agricultural Promotion Farm by taking the support measures. However, to Matsukawa Village there is a problem that the review at the planning horizon was compelled. Therefore, so as not to be loosely designated the range to induce development, the mechanism of the early approach and the appropriate consensus building for the zoning is necessary.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study is to assess the living environment in Tama New Town, which has some areas that partially become decrepit, and which is often recognized to have an inferior living environment. To this end, this study shows the potential of Tama New Town as a matured residential district by a quantitive analysis of the living environment. This assessment is based on real estate prices that reflected demands of residents and uses Hedonic Approach, which clarifies factors in real estate prices, as the assessment method. The living environment in Tama New Town is assessed by comparison with other residential areas from the viewpoint of prices of existing apartment houses as well as rent of apartment houses.

View full abstract

In this paper, the optimal number and the optimal location of on-site hydrogen stations are examined. The hydrogen stations are connected with natural gas pipeline network, and on each station natural gas is reformed into hydrogen, which satisfies the demmand of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). The model is to minimize the sum of two types of cost: 1) facilities construction and operation cost and 2) traveling cost of FCEVs. Assuming the uniform distribution of the demand, the optimal number of the stations is explictly obtained. And a numerical method to obtain the the optimal location of the stations is proposed.

View full abstract

The ShoreBank of Chicago has succeeded in revitalizing inner-city neighborhoods by establishing a business model in which the bank finances the inhabitants and they rehabilitate their own houses. However, the bank has been confronted with difficulties in revitalizing 71st street. In this paper we will try to discuss the problems and issues of application of this model on inner-city commercial districts. The research findings are developed through various surveys and interviews and we identified problems of infrastructure, safety and volume of visitors. Furthermore, the application of this kind of model in revitalization of commercial districts needs extensive and strategic coordination with development authorities.

View full abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present a new travel behavior model for trips with multiple destinations. In order to determine touring behaviors, we first formulate a simultaneous decision making of multiple destinations using the random utility theory. All tourists are expected to consider attractiveness of destinations, total travel cost, and the number of stops. Setting choice sets appropriately, we are able to improve the validity of the model. Next, we focus on tourist's flows in Japan and try to reproduce the number of visitors in each destination. We also estimate the touring flows in Tokyo Metropolitan area.

View full abstract

This study discusses the necessity of land use control from which the correspondence is attempted at the whole urban area for the Matsumoto urban area in Nagano Prefecture.
We clarified that development has been occurred in the surrounding local authorities with the loose regulated area rather than in Matsumoto City that has been divided. And we also suggest that those surrounding authorities newly designs the city planning area or aims at the land use control by the original approach but the estrangement of the land use control in the urban area cannot be canceled. In the Matsumoto city region, the land use control with correspondence is necessary.

View full abstract

This paper aims to clarify the actual conditions of the transition from independent ordinance to delegation ordinance affected by landscape law in Kanagawa prefecture. As a result of the analysis, the following were clarified. 1)most independent ordinance are reflected to the delegation ordinance, but it's contents were selected, 2)delegation ordinances by landscape law were utilized by diverse purpose, 3)A large-scale municipality should select whether to secure a high quality for the development of the limited amount or to secure the minimumu standard for the development of some amount for the scenery control,4)The content of the restriction polarized to the abstract one and the concrete one, 5)An independent ordinance was neccesary for the development conference procedure and the social pressure.

View full abstract

The commercial environment of many local cities in Japan is experiencing decline in its centre area and local governments have developed all kinds of city center generation policies to constrain this trend and revitalize the central city commercial environment. However, it is difficult to evaluate the potential impact of current policies on city future due to the uncertainty and complexity inherent in urban system. This study tries to explore the use of MAS for impact analysis of development regulations concerning large-scale commercial facilities. Therefore, a Shopsim-MAS model was developed in which shopping behaviors of households are simulated and shopping spatial patterns emerged from the interactions between shops and households are used to visualize and examine the impact of different development regulations regarding large scale shopping center on inner city commercial environment.

View full abstract

This paper examines the relationship between the location of interchanges and the travel time to a fixed destination and the nearest interchange. First, we formulate a simple model in which an expressway and local roads are assumed to be a straight line and a continuous plane respectively. Then, we analyze how introducing a smart-interchange affects the travel time. The smart-interchange is an interchange which is only for electronic toll collection system (ETC). The model shows that introducing a smart-interchange is effective in the region where the spacing between adjacent interchanges is large and the speed on local roads is low.

View full abstract

When the parking lot which the drivers visit is full, the parking lot search behavior that looks for the vacant parking lot happens. It is thought that "Wandering about vehicles" generated in this process influence road congestion in the central business district. In this study, the actual condition of parking behavior including parking lot search behavior in the full car was clarified by the investigation in Seaside Momochi area in Fukuoka city. The parking behavior model including parking lot search behavior in the full car was constructed by combination of disaggregate models (MNL model and NL model). As a result, parking lot choice model and parking lot search model weren't adopted the same kind of explanation variables. Thus it was clarified that each model must be constructed by the data of each behavior.

View full abstract

The paper discribes firstly the problems of present regional planning system in Japan, centered by plans enacted by prefectural governments i.e. urban planning area master plan, national land use plan (prefectural plan) and land use master plan. And then it explains the results of interview survey to several prefectural governments which enact voluntary regional planning master plans, that cover some/several urban planning areas or the whole prefecture. The paper concludes that prefectural trials of enactment of voluntary regional planning master plans should be highly acclaimed for the future, even though these plans are presently not efficient enough to arrange land use and urban development.

View full abstract

The purpose of this paper is to propose better utilization of the advisory council system in city planning process. A case study was carried out for the development permission of large-scale shopping center in the urbanization control area in Miyazaki city. Actions and procedures by various actors were sorted out chronologically, and then, the features of the Miyazaki process were identified. Based on analysis of the features, the weaknesses of the current advisory council system were considered from the viewpoint of relation between the councils and local governments. Finally, several improvement ideas were proposed concerning a) independency and expertise, b) accountability for member appoint system, c) consistency among plans on the same/different level of governments, and d) the role of city planning councils in city master planning.

View full abstract

Focusing on group decision-making mechanisms in household residential choice behavior and the possibility to promote the residing along the rail-based transit systems, this study applies a web-based stated preference survey method to investigate households' preferences for moving to the assumed residential areas along the Astramline, a transit system in Hiroshima City in 2005. It is found that joint decisions lead to the changes of members' preferences in about 40% of the households, and concluded that the survey and analysis methods ignoring group decision-making mechanisms could result in misleading policies. The effectiveness of a group discrete choice model with multi-linear utility function is empirically confirmed. In this case study, it is suggested that high-rising housing close to the Astramline could attract more people to live in and consequently contribute to the effective use of the transit system.

View full abstract

We consider location problems of ambulances. For the problems, we construct a traffic road network. The network contains two types of roads. They are major streets and the other roads. We assume that the speeds of ambulances are different in these two types of roads. We obtain the speeds by an iterative method. Using the network, we give a framework for evaluating ambulance systems by the continuous-time Markov chain method in the meaning of expected response time. We introduce two computational experiments for the ambulance system of Seto city. The first is a comparison with the results of our previous research. We obtain different optimal locations. This is because of using the traffic network. The second is a variation of our previous research. Locations of 4-medians are added to the candidates of the optimal locations. By comparing to the median problem, we discuss the effect of stochastic features in ambulance systems.

View full abstract

In the circumstances where city tourism plays a vital role to activate the city, there would be more chances to make people attracted to the city if we can develop people's interest in the whole city from their interest in the segments of information on the city. In this study, we clarified the fact that area-guide books about restaurants in Osaka tend to mention accumulation of restaurants as the regional characteristics of the city, and that the information on restaurants is connected with the city's characteristics. It was proved that, however, people become interested in the whole city when they have an access to the information on certain regional characteristics such as the commercial features, buildings, or the history of the city.

View full abstract

The intermixture of bicycles and pedestrians in sidewalk is very dangerous for pedestrians. However, it is thought difficult from the point of safety of bicycles to make bicycles run on driveway. Furthermore, for building the way only for bicycles, roads are too narrow in urban area of Japan. So, in this study, the possibility of development of bicycle lane on driveways is verified in the urban area of Japan, with the view of both bicycle users and car drivers. From both of the questionnaire using CG for bicycle users and the safety experiment using driving simulator for car drivers, the roads with the white-line separation from driveway were preferred and effective to them with the structural separation and without separation, -when the width of lane was not sufficiently large.

View full abstract

The aim of the paper is to verify the policy importance of activation of urban cores in terms of urban economics. Specifically, using a model of economy with service quality (Kobayashi et al., 1990) and UEA (Urban Employment Area) based data, we have test the relationship between urban densities and activity of twelve service industries. The results are as follows: We can see significantly positive relationship only for technical services (including teaching services), restaurants and bars. We guess the reason is that these industries are knowledge-intensive and have various externality effects, including firm-to-firm externalities and consumer-to-firm externalities. To activate urban cores and urban economy, we have to consider these characteristics of service industries.

View full abstract

In order to save energy and decrease environmental impacts in city thermal energy utilization systems, next generation energy utilizing technologies and their introducing contracture are proposed. The purpose of this paper is clarifying how to introduce the next generation technology such as off line chemical heat storage transportation system in the city. First, financial and political supports of next generation energy technology are discussed. It is showed that the supports are very few and next generation energy technologies are not carried out well. Secondly, in the case study of Chiba- and Kanagawa- Tokyo heat transportation system, the effectivity and merits of the off line chemical heat storage transportation are shown. As a result, more financial and political structure for introducing next generation energy utilization technology such as off line chemical heat storage transportation is found to be strongly needed for energy sustainable regional development.

View full abstract

This paper proposes a maximum flow-covering location model considering the time dimension. The problem is to decide the location and the starting time of a concert (or any other service) so as to maximize the total number of potential customers. The number of potential customers is defined as the number of office workers that can attend the concert after their work from start to end and can arrive home by a given time. This problem can be formulated as optimally locating a line segment of given length parallel to the time-axes in the space-time plane. We present some numerical examples under various assumptions about trip densities and examine some properties of optimal solution. We conclude the paper by giving future research directions.

View full abstract

Traditional buildings are still utilized for houses and store although they have been destroyed steadily especially in last decades, It is urgent need to preserve and utilize them for such as houses or stores. This paper try to clarify evaluation structure of citizens' consciousness toward preservation and utilization of historical buildings based on a case study in Kanazawa City. A questionnaire survey was carried out to collect citizens' evaluation by random sampling. As results of study, Citizens who have experience to reside the historical buildings tend to feel more importance for preservation and utilization. Using CVM the estimated value for preservation and utilization is \1,000/p or 1,561/p.Evaluation structure of citizens' consciousness is also estimated using factor analysis and covariance structure analysis.

View full abstract

This paper aims to clarify the action condition of area promotion and artist's roles in traditional craft place.The acquired knowledge are as follows. 1. The artist is very important in not only the making of craft object but also promoting the visit experience at the production spot, making local education and the community which utilized traditional craft and so on. 2. The artist roles are conveying technology, performing the guidance of experience, doing dispatch, making suggestion about a design of a new product and bearing interchange.

View full abstract

This study targets the whole area of central commercial area in Sanjo City and Joetsu City Takada District, and aims to obtain basic findings concerning the right condition at the central area in the local city from the use of land and building and the relation of right between land and building. We find that the ratio of simple right is more than its complex right in both cities from the relation of right between land and building and we can say that the right complication is not remarkable. It is wrong that the relation of right causes little liquidity, and the problem is that the landowners have various considerations.

View full abstract

As the aged persons can enjoy their life with convenience, the policy of inducing them to the central area is valued. However, there is no study that actually shows the amount of demand and the condition which the aged persons will move house. Then this study aims to clarify them through the case study in Nagaoka City, and to show the problem to the housing policy in the future. We find as follows. There are a lot of aged single household in the central area. Aged single person households tend to have stronger intention for moving house than the households living with their children. Many aged persons recognize that "Removing house" and " Living in aged people's home" are the quite different one.

View full abstract

This study first re-evaluated the relationship between urban density and per capita car use which most of previous studies supported. We showed that the relationship was also interpreted as one between total urban area and total car kilometers. Next, with person trip surveys conducted in American and Asian mega-cities, the factors affecting both total urban area and total car kilometers were analyzed. We studied total urban area and total car kilometers, and their relationship with average travel speed and modal split, which were found to significantly affect these elements. Finally, we revealed that increase in average travel speed and car share contributed to the expansion of both total urban area and total car kilometers. Also, to supply efficient public transportation, in terms of travel speed, could have the effect of constraining urban area and car use.

View full abstract

The purpose of this paper is to make comparative studies of the criteria for controlling commercial use location in operating the Land Development Permit in Urbanization Control Areas and to discuss the possibilities and limitations of the Article 34, Section 1 and 8 of the City Planning Law. We conducted surveys on the criteria operated by the 116 local competent authorities and discovered the typical 5 patterns of methods for controlling commercial use location. We also implemented questionnaire survey to the local municipalities on the facts and problems of operating the Land Development Permit, and clarified that many commercial facilities permitted have significant deviations from the intended purpose of the Law in terms of location and business category.

View full abstract

he purpose of this study is to explain the meaning and intention of the exposition held in the ruins of a castle in the early Meiji period. The objects of the study are Matsumoto, Kofu and Okayama. It worked for the preservation and use of the castle tower in Matsumoto by holding an exposition continuously. An exposition was placed on a part of the industry policy by Yamanashi prefecture in Kofu. There was intention connected to the establishment of the permanent museum from the exposition of the period limitation in Okayama. There was a purpose of going through holding of the exposition in a release of the ruins of a castle with each exposition as well.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study is to grasp of fire situation in consideration of the wind flow in a built-up area. The simple wind pressure model was created from the wind pressure calculated in detail in a built-up area by Computational Fluid Dynamics. After including this model in the city area fire simulator, the difference in the calculation result by a wind pressure model was verified. The result showed the following things. When it is 10 or less m/s of wind velocity, the influence on combustion is not great in a built-up area. The relation between wind velocity and a type of combustion is changed by wind pressure models. In the case of the "one-house model", the danger of the fire spread up the windward may be underestimated. Study is continued to develop the wind pressure model corresponding to various city area situations from now on.

View full abstract

The purpose of this paper is to clarify actual conditions of the network residence in the suburb of local city. So we made questionnaire survey in the suburb of Fukui City in 2005, and got valid data from 189 households and 343 dwellers. The main contents of this survey are (1)address of dispersed family, (2) actual conditions of intercommunication with them and other friends. The main conclusions are as following; (1) major type is the intercommunication with eldest daughter or parents of wife. (2) The frequency of intercommunication is provided by the location of dispersed family. (3) The frequency and composition of intercommunication are provided by the family stage, and the major intercommunication is formed at the family stage with infants. (4) The rate of households with high frequency intercommunication is about 20%. (5) The intercommunication with dispersed family and with other friends has multiplier effects each other.

View full abstract

The "Neiborhood's committees" were started in 1975 as a "Stage" for discussing issues by residents and community building in the Nakano-ward,Tokyo.In this paper,we studied followings:(1)How the committee can be defined in the history of that kinds of committee's system in Japan(2)How the committee can be categorized by relationship with traditional neighborhood associations(3)How the committees are playing their roles.We found followings:(1)the committee can be defined as "committee with comprehensiveness"(2)Most of the committees had strong influence from the traditional neighborhood associations(3)The committees worked as "Stage"for community building,but they were too "old"type of committee without empowerment and working with non-profit organizations.

View full abstract

City planning tax is an earmarked tax for infrastructure improvements in city planning areas. However, more than half of municipalities do not adopt this tax though infrastructure improvements are not sufficient enough for the governmental targets. We think one of this reasons is unclearness of the impacts of this tax. In this paper, we evaluated the impacts of city planning tax on infrastructure improvements making use of various statistics in 15 years. Increase in sewage service in municipalities with city planning tax is higher than that in municipalities without the tax. In addition, population growth rates in municipalities with city planning tax are also higher than that in municipalities without the tax.

View full abstract

This study aims to elucidate a psychological mechanism of consensus building in Isawa dam construction project. After interviewing with local government, such as Isawa dam construction office, we conducted a questionnaire survey to people who live in Isawa plain area. As the results of applying structural equation modeling and t-test, following findings are obtained: 1) Citizen's attitude to the project can be explained by fairness theory, 2) the present rating on agreement to the project was significantly improved compare to the time when the plan was opened, 3) People formed their approval attitude based on the rating of self-interest which depends on the degree of information release, 4) people recognized procedural fairness by information release, 5) Fair process can increase citizen's concern to city planning.

View full abstract

This study aims to propose a data mining method that integrates a spatio-temporal clustering and a hybrid hierarchical clustering in order to produce clusters on tourists' individual attributes and their behavior dynamics obtained by GPS. First of all, tourists' behavior survey is conducted in Hakone area. Secondary, the proposed clustering method is applied. The number of clusters are detected automatically by maximizing averages of each cluster's correlation of individual attributes and spatio-temporal kernel density. Then, 150 one-day trip tourists are clustered into 18 types and 239 two-days trip tourists are clustered into 24 types. It is also indicated that each cluster's features relates tourists' usage of tourism related media and travel information.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the distribution of small-scale green spaces and the butterfly assemblages in urbanizing area located at the north-east of Ichikawa city. As an indices of ecological gradient by the distribution of urban green covers (over 2m2), GCI (Green Cluster Index) of each vegetation type, co-occurrence of the different vegetation types, distance from each vegetation type, and diversity index of vegetation were calculated by using high-resolution aerial photograph image. As a result of analysis on the relationship between butterfly assemblages in each survey root units and the indices around them, using Classification and Regression Trees, it was clarified that distribution of deciduous trees in large scale area and small-scale mosaics of vegetations in its surrounding area are important factors for the width of butterfly assemblages.

View full abstract

Recently, the interest for outdoor advertisements has increased. And various arguments concerning the appearance of outdoor advertisements are done. But, the advertising contents have produced big effect on districts. In the future it is necessary to pay attention to the advertising contents.
This paper aims to study the relation between the roof advertising space and the regional business-type composition in commercial districts. A fieldwork was conducted to grasp the contents, expression techniques, and targets of roof advertisements. Another surveys-sampling advertisers and town planning groups-were carried on to examine the consciousness and its formation factors, towards the roof advertising space. The conclusions are as follows:
1. The advertising strategies of enterprises form a variation of roof advertising space.
2. The characteristics of the districts are one of the most critical factors that decide the roof advertising space.

View full abstract

Owing to a city is composed by a number of value judgements, it is difficult to understand the whole structure by an urban model analysis, which evaluates the function of a city from a single viewpoint. Therefore, a complex problem in a city of today takes a long time to be solved. The purpose of this study is to investigate one of the typical urban problems of these days, a decline in central area of city, in terms of several urban models. For this aim, we applied Space Syntax to Otsu City and examined the evolution from several standpoints: Global, Local and Urban Entropy Coefficient. This analysis revealed that the form of the central Otsu has not transformed; however, the morphological function of the area has changed.

View full abstract

City-level energy consumption is modeled for Osaka City. This model decomposes energy supply and consumption system in total city area into energy systems in districts of 500m grid. By the cluster analysis which uses information on building floor area of the district, these districts are classified into 8 categories. The representative district is selected for each category and energy use in the district is simulated based on detailed information obtained by field survey. From simulated energy consumption of representative district, total energy consumption in Osaka City is estimated. In this paper, the scenario of energy system transformation in the future is proposed for each district and the potential of greenhouse gas reduction and the necessity of land use change are discussed.

View full abstract