We analyzed the relationship between the components of Hachiman-bori and the value evaluation for Hachiman-bori, and the specific elements around Hachiman-bori and the value evaluation for the area around Hachiman-bori by age group and frequency of use. As a result, it was shown that the tourism experience elements that were thought to have been experienced in tourism around Hachiman-bori were highly evaluated regardless of age group and frequency of use. For young-aged evaluate the indirect utility value and the bequest value, including direct experience. The middle-aged evaluates not only by specific factors but also by their own convenience. For old-aged evaluate the direct utility value based on their own direct experience. In addition, new visitors did not converge on a specific value evaluation, and it seems that repeaters are requesting further improvement of the environment such as convenience while evaluating the direct utility value.

We elucidated the rice development trends in the Ningxia Autonomous Region, the major irrigated rice cultivation area in the upstream region of the Yellow River, employing the China National Rice Research Institute database. We were able to identify the type of varieties and some distinctive tendencies. From 1979 to 2020, amylose content in rice varieties reduced, whereas stock heights, fertilizer application, and growing periods increased. The growing period trend was inconsistent with the national goals. Low amylose content may characterize the tendency of the tastes of consumers. The influence of global warming was also considered. Varietal development trends did not facilitate a decline in the environmental load and may also influence climate change adaptation.

This study aims to gain knowledge on introducing LCA that better suits the actual conditions of farming in an urban area and conducted LCA on a farmer in Yokohama City, with a calculation formula reconstructed by the MAFF CO2 Visualization Project. As a result, it is found that the target farmer's location in the urban area influences the LCCO2 emissions, such as the introduction of medium-sized machinery and particular farming in response to consumer demand. In urban farming, differences in individually packaged products and direct sales with short transportation distances result in differences in CO2 emissions at the shipping stage.