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Volume 16, Issue 1
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Chen-Tung A Chen, Ricardo M. Pytkowicz, Eric J. Olson1982 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPrevious estimates of the decomposition of calcium carbonate and organic carbon in deep ocean water are subject to inaccuracies due to (1) the effect of phosphate released from the decomposition of organic matter on titration alkalinity not being properly evaluated, (2) the variation of the preformed properties not being considered, and (3) the input of anthropogenic CO2 not being corrected for. More accurate results are presented here for selected stations in the South Pacific.View full abstractDownload PDF (2480K) -
Jun-ichi Hirabayashi, Joyo Ossaka, Takejiro Ozawa1982 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 11-21
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConcentrations of chlorine and sulfur bearing species in volcanic gases from the Sakurajima Volcano have been continuously measured by a variety of collection techniques and analytical methods. The results of analyses on water-soluble components in volcanic ashes, gases absorbed into alkaline solutions, and gases diffused into the atmosphere revealed that HCl/SO2 ratio increased prior to any surface activity such as frequency of explosions. It is suggested that HCl/SO2 ratio can be one of the useful precursory indicators for volcanic activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (2861K) -
Tatsuya Fujitani, Akimasa Masuda1982 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 23-31
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe REE abundances in one basalt and two andesites from Oshima-Oshima and -Kojima isles, Hokkaido, Japan, were determined precisely by mass-spectrometric stable isotope dilution technique. The abundance ratios between two distinct volcanic rocks, i.e., andesite (old somma) and basalt (young somma), from Oshima-Oshima isle show a linear function of atomic number, with breaks at Z = 68 and between 63 and 64. This can be interpreted as implying that the andesite and the basalt studied stand in a mutually conjugate relationship as possible, previously concurrent liquid and solid phases. Employing the abundance ratio function as an effective bulk partition coefficient function, the retrogressive fractionation was theoretically followed back by calculation for different FW* values. The results of calculation suggest that there were two stages concerning the relevant bulk partition coefficient functions for the development of the andesite in question and that the terrace-shaped bulk partition coefficient function with a break at Z = 67 (Ho) worked prior to the tri-segment partition coefficient function obtained directly from the abundance ratio between the andesite and the basalt.View full abstractDownload PDF (2664K) -
Kazuhiko Kano, Kazuo Taguchi1982 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 33-41
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydrothermal experiments treating amorphous silica (opal-A) in an alkaline solution have disclosed. that opal-CT is formed from opal-A or silica-X and is transformed to quartz directly or through silica-K. During the transformation of silica, the d(101) spacing of cristobalite decreases continuously from d(101) = 4.11 A to 4.05 A, which suggests a progressive ordering of opal-CT. The decreasing rate of d(101) spacing is approximately expressed by equation (4) given in the text, irrespective of chemical conditions and the transformation sequence of silica. The rate constant is strongly dependent on the reaction temperature but more or less affected by the chemical condition and by the transformation sequence of silica. On the basis of the experimental results, the ordering of opal-CT is discussed in relation to the diagenetic process of siliceous sediments.View full abstractDownload PDF (2273K) -
Kazuo Fukushima1982 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 43-49
Published: February 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHumic acid and kerogen samples isolated from some Recent sediments of different environments were analyzed by vacuum pyrolysis to characterize their chemical nature. The samples were pyrolysed at 500°C in vacuo (about 10-2 Torr.). Gravimetric and elemental analyses of the pyrolysis residue indicated that the pyrolytic degradation resulted in the loss of carbon and nitrogen in the range of 35–53% and 53–68%, respectively. The pyrolysate was trapped and extracted with chloroform. It was fractionated using silica gel and Ag+-impregnated silica gel column chromatography. Subsequent gas chromatographic analyses enabled quantification of n-alkane and n-alkene homologues. Generated straight-chain hydrocarbons (≥C14) amounted to about 1–4mg per g carbon in the humic acids and to about 2–20mg per g carbon in the kerogens. The potential of the technique to characterize the chemical nature of the humic materials is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1808K)
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