The research activities in the field of the information geoscience at my laboratory for the last 15 years have been introduced, and the future organizations and activities in geology proceeding for the 21st century are discussed in expectation. As the examples of the research activities at the present, the next five projects are introduced; (1) development of the geo-database system (GEODAS), (2) development of the geo-program package (GEOPAK), (3) application of computerized image processing for the fission track dating, (4) an example of the personal computer assisted instraction (CAI) system, and (5) design of an expert system for manupulation of GEODAS and GEOPAK.
The state of the information geoscience in the future for the 21st century are discussed from the side of; (1) styles of the geological reports and papers, (2) research activities, (3) social activities, and (4) organization of geoscience.

View full abstract

It is impossible to get geological data randomly. Nevertheless, many significant suggestions are given by the data analysis based on a textbook of statistic procedure, if it is used carefully. There is another point that we must pay attention to. An usual textbook states how we avoid to conclude that the means of two populations having an equal mean value are different, but does not state the procedure to avoid the opposite error. If we forget these points, the statistical analysis gives us wrong conclusions.

View full abstract

Generally, rippability which indicates the difficulty of the rock excavation is assessed on the basis of the measurement of the elastic wave velocity on rock mass. Usually, the engineers estimate from the measured two-dimensional profile of the velocity to the three-dimensional one of the rippability on the basis of their experiential informations. But the result is not necessarily consistent with the real conditions.
Then we have made an attempt to utilize the Quantification 1 of a statistical method on a personal computer as to the assessment of the three-dimensional rippability in an investigated area. To sum up, we have adopted the depth of the velocity layer which can be excavated only by the ripping machine as an outside valiable, and landform type, altitude and rock type as items. And we have classified three categories of ridge, valley, and slope type in landform type, and some categories at ten meter intervals in altitude, and three categories of sandstone, mudstone and green rock in rock type. The analysis has been put into practice with respect to original 150 data on the seismic prospecting lines.
By the result in this investigated area, the depth of the velocity layer is largely related to landform type and altitude. Namely the depth has a tendency to become deeper in ridge parts and shollower in valley parts, and also to become deeper as the altitude becomes higher.

View full abstract

The investigation of wells was conducted to estimate conditions of groundwater in Kofu Basin in Yamanashi Pref. in 1972 and 1973. The investigated items are locality and height of well, waterheight, temperature, PH, dissolved oxygen, water resistivity and dissolved methane in water of each well.
In this report, this data are rearranged and are examined by statistical method (variance, variance analysis, cluster analysis) . The statistical result shows that two groundwater flows are existence in Kofu Basin. One flows southward among Kamanashi river and Araka river, and the other one flows along Fuefuki river. Both flows join and mix mutually in the southern end of Kofu Basin.

View full abstract

The Relational Data Base System is constructed by Menu, CIPW normative calculation, Variation diagrams, Triangle diagrams, Rare earth pattern, Calculation of mineral data, Statistic test of radiometric age data and Reference of literature programs. All programs can be used by computer beginners.
The CIPW program covers 21 oxides and calculates 35 normative minerals. The Variation diagram displays and prints (plots out) data files which were created by CIPW program.
Requirements: 16 bit CPU (i8086, i8088 etc.) computer with over 384 K main RAM, over 2 disk units with over 640 K capacity, high resolution monitor, MS-DOS system disk ver. 2. XX or ver. 3. XX, Sort. exe program handing with MS-DOS system, and BASIC program.

View full abstract

A BASIC program named ‘POCO’, a point counting program, has been made for the PC-8201 hand-held computer. The program has following facilities;
1. Mineral names within 3 alphabetic characters are assigned to the keys of F, D, S, R, E, W, V, C, A, and X. The initial mineral names are set as default in the program, although they can be easily changed. The key of I, O, and P are function keys, to move the thin section without counting, to stop and continue counting without movement of the thin section, and to end counting of a thin section, respectively. The other keys are inactive during the counting.
2. The program controls the movement of the thin section through the CMT terminal by MOTOR 1 and MOTOR 0 commands of N82-BASIC.
3. During the counting, the LCD displays key names, mineral names, counting numbers of minerals, and total of countings. The mineral name of last key-in is displayed on the LCD. Display format is adjusted to the number of minerals to be processed.
4. The results of counting are stored in RAM files with the modal percent of minerals.

View full abstract

The SEIS-PC was developed. This new version can display the seismicitymap using dots, stereo-hypograph, historical seismicity and P, T axes of fault plane solutions.

View full abstract

This paper presents the principles and BASIC program to estimate numerically the ‘true dip’ of a bed (real dip and strike of a bed) from two sets of the ‘apparent dips’ of the beds exposing on geological sectionssuch as cliff walls.
1. Introducing a term “apparent bed” as a line of intersection between abed and a section (which may be inclined at any angle), we classifyed theapparent dip into three types:
type I : apparent dip-angle of the apparent bed observed from the front of the section.
type II : inclination-angle of the apparent bed measured on the section.
type III : two locations of outcrops of the bed.
2. We defined two characteristic vectors in the section; a dip-vector of the apparent bed dv (a vector which is oriented in the direction parallel to the apparent bed), and a normal-erector of the apparent bed ea (avector which is normal to the apparent bed and also is oriented in the direction toward the upper side of the bed) . The dip-vector and thenormal-vector of the apparent bed can be obtained from the observationof each type of the apparent dip.
3. The outer product of two dip-vectors of the apparent bed dv gives thenormal-vector of the bed e (a vector which is normal to the bed and alsois oriented in the direction toward the upper side of the bed) . The truedip (dip and strike) of the bed can be calculated from the components of the normal-vector e. The normal-vectors of the apparent bed ea are usedto determine the sense of the resultant normal-vector e, because thenormal vector must be directed toward the upper side of the bed.
4. The presented BASIC program calculates a true dip from two sets of apparent dips and also illustrates the calculation processes and theresult on a stereo-net diagram.

View full abstract

Kodama et al. (1985) propose an analytical method of the mechanical processes of the sedimentary basin by means of finite element method. This method which treats crustal movements as elasto-plastic deformation, is called Virtual Basement Displacement Method.
In this paper, the Miura and Kazusa sedimentary basins in the southern Kanto are analyzed by this method. As a result, it is shown that fructures with relatively large displacement which appear at different stages with movement of depocenters are confirmed at some situation on profiles. They occur at intervals of 20-30 km and largely displace the basement at early stages, resulting block movements of the basement. As depocenters migrate or spread toward southeast, it becomes gradually that fructures occur at wider intervals and with smaller displacement, so that the basement occurs the downward flexure at later stages.

View full abstract

The Department of Exploration, JAPEX has developed the four systems named the BSS Utilities & Data Base, the BSS & the MINIBSS (Basin Study System), the MESS and the SUPERLOG. This paper presents an outline of the each systems.
1. Data-Base : Well-Data File, Utilities, Geochemical Log etc.
2. BSS & MINIBSS : Basin analysis or assesment, especially maturation, generation and expulsion of hydrocarbon, to reconstruct geohistory diagram.
3. MESS : the model to evaluate exploration strategies.
4. SUPERLOG : the digital processing package for a large quality of log data.

View full abstract

A seismic section has been used as an effective material to investigate subsurface geological structures along the survey line. We can roughly understand the three-dimensional extension of geological structures when we arrange these seismic sections in geographical order. However, it is difficult to investigate developmental process of geological structures in a three-dimensioanl scale only from simple observations of the arranged sections. In this paper, we presented an outline of processing system for geological sections and showed examples of processed results for a simple test data. The system mainly includes functions to (1) digitize major reflection surfaces on seismic sections, (2) convert them into two-dimensional grid data, (3) illustrates graphically three-dimensional shapes of major reflected surfaces expressed by grid data.
Results processed by this system provide usefull data to investigate developmental process of geological structures and also can be used as original data for other analytical methods.

View full abstract

A program using personal computers has been developed for systematic storage, retrieval and graphic application of borehole data at exploration sites. The program is directed at analyzing geological, logging and assay data for sandstone type of uranium deposits in particular, and is capable of producing 15 variations of figures and tables, including geological section, contour map and anomaly log sheet. Practical application has been experimented at PNC's exploration project in Niger where a coding system of geological description has been introduced since 1983 and actual data input from 1984.

View full abstract

In this paper, we presented the principles and the BASIC program for drawing three-dimensional contour map of grid data on the screen of the personal computer. This contouring program consists of two parts: (1) contouring of grid data (modified from subroutine *CONTR by Shiono et al., 1985) and (2) three-dimensional projection of contours (modified from program BLOCK by Shiono et al., 1984) .

View full abstract

In this paper, we presented the principles and the BASIC program for drawing color-painted contour map of grid data on the screen of the personal computer. One of the most characteristic function of the program is to show a contour map as a color-pattern diagram by painting gaps between neighboring contours by assigned colors. For this purpose, the program also includes a color-pattern generator which can generate about 100 color-patterns by combining colored tile-strings.

View full abstract

In this paper, we presented the principles and the BASIC program for color-painted geological mapping on the screen of the personal computer. A geological boundary drawn in the geological map is an intersection between geological bedding surface and geomorphic ground surface. Therefore, the boundary is defined as the 0-m contour of the difference between geologic and geomorphic surfaces. Based on this idea, we coded the program which draws the geological boundary and paints separated areas by different colors when both geological and geomorphic surfaces are given by grid-data of same size for the area of a simple geological condition without reverse faults, overfolding and overturning of a bed.

View full abstract

This paper presents the principle and the BASIC program of a new methodfor the numerical determination of the optimal shape of a bedding planein a cross section, as a geological application of the non-linear optimization problem. In the area where overfoldings and faults do not existthe shape of a bed is expressed by a sigle-valued function z=f (x) . Theheight-data and dip-data give the constraints which the function mustsatisfy; the height- and dip-data specify the form of f (x) and its firstderivative, respectively. Using a functional J (f) as a measure of thesmoothness of a function f (x), we choose the smoothest function amongmany feasible functions which satisfy both height-and dip-data and consider it as the optimal bedding plane.
Height-data used in this method consist of equality type of data (constraints in a form f (Xk) =Zk) and of unequality type of data (constraintsin a form f (Xk) >Zk or f (Xk) <Zk and in a form f (x) >L (lower limit) or f (x) <U (upper limit) ) . Moreover, dip-data used in this method consist of direct type of datum (dip angle of the bed in the problem) and indirect type of datum (dip angle of other beds) . There are three choises to usethe indirect type of dip-data, based on assumptions that (1) dip-anglesare constant in the vertical direction, (2) dip-angles are constant in the direction normal to the bed and (3) dip-angles are approximated by weighted mean of observed ones, respectively.

View full abstract