The gradual incorporation of formative assessment into higher education has resulted in its extensive use for assessing students' everyday learning activities and conditions. This paper leverages data on classroom learning experiences from a specific university, utilizing machine learning techniques, K-means clustering, the TOPSIS evaluation framework, and the entropy weighting approach. The study aims to explore the correlation between formative assessment and the quality of student learning in universities, ultimately developing an evaluation model. This model identifies key factors influencing student learning attitudes, supporting the use of formative assessment in higher education.

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In recent years, the urban landscape has witnessed a surge in vehicular population, exacerbating the challenge of finding adequate parking spaces. Consequently, the development of automatic methods to identify parking availability has gained significant attention. This study introduces a design and implementation framework aimed at discerning the status of urban parking spots utilizing digital image processing and allied technologies. Real-time images of multiple parking spaces are gathered to assess their occupancy, thereby facilitating efficient space utilization. Experimental findings affirm the practical viability and efficacy of the proposed approach, underscoring its relevance in tackling parking detection challenges through advanced digital image processing techniques.

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In recent years, the use of drones, also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), has experienced rapid growth across multiple industries, including agriculture, logistics, disaster management, and surveillance. The effectiveness of these UAVs is heavily dependent on reliable communication systems, particularly in challenging environments where signal strength and reliability are critical. This article explores the optimization of antenna configurations using MATLAB simulation tools to enhance the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), with a focus on the broader context of Internet of Things (IoT) integration. Considering the use of Energy per Bit to Noise Power Spectral Density Ratio (E/N) as a measurement technique commonly used in wireless communication systems to assess the quality of the received signal relative to the background noise, this paper evaluates and compares the quality of the received signals in SISO and SIMO systems.

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Multi-robot motion management is an important issue in the research of mobile robotics. Formation transformation of multi-robots is one of the problems of multiple mobile-robots locomotion. The algorithms proposed in the past for this problem cannot guarantee the best solution. From a mathematical perspective, this paper uses singularity check for a matrix and Munkres assignment algorithm to develop a new algorithm for solving this problem. Comparing to the Monte Carlo method, the new algorithm can have better, at least the same, results in a very short time.

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The advent of Industry 4.0 (IR 4.0) has completely changed the landscape of many manufacturing and industrial sectors through the proper integration of modern digital technologies such as the computer science, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, automation, cyber physical systems, cybersecurity, data mining and data analytics. This tremendous change necessitates a paradigm shift in many of the educational programs, especially in one of the core pillars of IR 4.0 which is called Robotics and Automation program to equip the future workforce with relevant skills and advanced knowledge. This paper explores how to bridge the gap between an undergraduate Industrial Automation and Robotics degree program with the current educational curricula and the demands of IR 4.0 to meet the Robotic Road Map of a developing nation.

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In this paper, the Chen system and Lü system are taken as research objects, and the nonlinear feedback synchronization control method is used to synchronize the Chen system with different initial values and the Lü system with different initial values by adding synchronization controllers to achieve heterostructure chaotic synchronization, and the error curves and through the simulation in Simulink, state synchronization curves of the corresponding states in the responding Lü system and the driving Chen system are plotted, which proves that the responding Lü system and the driving Chen system can achieve stable heterostructure chaotic synchronization.. Finally, an analog synchronization control circuit is built in Multisim. By comparing the synchronization curves obtained by simulation and numerical simulation, it is found that the two curves tend to be consistent, so it proves that the synchronization circuit built is correct.

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A prototype that attempts to enhance senior citizens' weekly shopping experiences has been created as a result of this research. Seniors no longer have to use their physical strength to push or pull the shopping cart because the system monitors their every move. This is accomplished by estimating the user's walking direction and distance using a variety of sensors, such as a magnetometer and gyroscope. Furthermore, WiFi fingerprinting is used to pinpoint the user's location. Experiments have been carried out, and the system's overall functionality and tracking accuracy have produced satisfactory results. The smart shopping trolley concept has been designed to improve senior citizens' experience by addressing the unique challenges they face during the regular and necessary process of grocery shopping. The goal has been to increase senior citizens' comfort and convenience when shopping by integrating sensor-based solutions and tracking technologies. The successful results of the trials have confirmed the viability and efficacy of this strategy for sustainable practices in public health.

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We propose a non-photorealistic rendering method to automatically generate lines-composed images from photographic images. The brightness and width of the lines in lines-composed images change according to the change in the light and dark of photographic images. Our method is executed by repeating a process of updating images using the area near the target pixel that is the most different from the area centered on the target pixel. To verify the effectiveness of our method, we conducted experiments with changing the values of parameters in our method. The experimental results showed that the width of lines-composed patterns can be adjusted by changing the window size. It was also found that both the brightness and width of lines-composed patterns adapt to variations in the light and dark areas of photographic images.

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Non-photorealistic rendering methods to automatically generate labyrinth images from photographic images have been proposed. Labyrinth images are non-photorealistic images that maze-like intricate lines are laid out at approximately equal intervals on photographic images. Since the shape of the lines forming labyrinth images differs depending on the conventional method, it gives a different impression. We propose a method to generate labyrinth images composed of lines with a shape different from the conventional methods. The proposed method is performed by iterative computation with gradients between circles in a window. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were conducted to visually confirm labyrinth images generated from various photographic images.

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In this paper, we focus on enveloping grasps in two dimensions. An object is grasped by a multi-fingered hand. Rolling contact is considered at each contact point between the fingers and the object. Elasticity is considered not only at joints but also on surfaces of the fingers. We analyze quasi-static stability of the grasp. Potential energy stored in the grasp is derived. The energy is given by a function of object's displacement, joints' displacement, and surfaces' displacement. Using rolling contact, parameters of joints' and surfaces' displacements are reduced by object's displacement. Wrench vector (i.e., force and moment) and grasp stiffness matrix are derived from the first- and second-order partial derivatives of the potential energy. Using the derived matrix, it is shown that the rolling contact grasp is more stable than the frictionless one. Using partial derivatives of the matrix, effects of local curvatures and joints' and surfaces' stiffnesses are analyzed.

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