For conservation of biodiversity in public parks, local governments as park manager make ecosystem management manuals. The Mori-zukuri guideline of Yokohama was devised in 2013 and utilized to park management. This study has focused on utilization of the Mori-zukuri guideline and attitude of park management staff. Some parks managed with the guideline were kept well in the point of biodiversity, safety and amenity. According to the questionably survey, the guideline was generally accepted and understood. But some numerical staffs carried out only works about park management (ex; safety and amenity of visitors) and were not able to decide to carry out ecosystem management. There were three approaches to extend the management with the guideline. 1. Establishing the way to balance ecosystem management (ex; conservation biodiversity) with park management. 2. Learning ecological knowledge and visit good-managed parks to managing. 3. Development of the conservation management plan as common recognition to be able to carry out large-scale ecosystem managements.

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The 1069 keywords were surveyed in the 620 titles of the research reports published from 1995 to 2013 on Yokohama-Shizen-Kansatsuno-Mori (YSKM), Yokohama Nature Observation Forest, to study the ecosystem consciousness of the citizens and the staff involved in YSKM. Frequently used keywords were birds, plants and insects in taxon, management in activities, wood in field and fireflies and frogs in species. Rubbish was found mostly in early reports, spiders, lion ants, mandarin ducks and conservation plants, in reports made in the middle of the period, and charcoal making, cats and raccoons, in recent reports. The people involved in YSKM had interest in all the biological communities, not only in botanical communities but also in zoological ones consisting of small animals.

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We use a case study to describe an approach to ecosystem management that engages suburban residents in scientific research and management and helps them to recognize the importance of research and ecosystem management. In particular, we describe a citizen science program that integrates ecosystem monitoring and management in Ushikubo-nishi district, a suburb of Yokahama City. Citizen science activities include surveys of butterfly and dragonfly distributions, surveys of animals in private gardens, and assessments of the effects of habitat restoration on butterflies. Engagement in these citizen science programs facilitates communication among participants, scientists, and students, and improves participants' understanding of ecosystem management and its value. The citizen science programs generate valuable data, which are used to improve ongoing greening projects and plans for future ecosystem management, including guidance on techniques to promote animal biodiversity in private gardens and plans for habitat restoration to support butterflies. This case study illustrates an approach and a concrete example of using citizen science to engage residents and students in the scientific research process and the management of a suburban ecosystem, an approach that we believe can and should be replicated elsewhere.

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