The purposes of this paper are indicating what accounting systems for SMEs are valuable and how the Small and Medium Enterprise Agency (SMEA) understands them.

　In a recent policy for SMEs, SMEA supports highly-motivated and practical SMEs. SMEA made the Guidelines on Accounting for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (Chusho Kaikei-Shisin) and New document presenting guidelines for SME accounting (Chusho Kaikei Yoryo). But there are some cognitive gaps between the company’s managers and tax accounts that support accounting and tax procedures of SMEs according to the research by SMEA. We get the comment that accounting standards can prevent managers from making the company’s situation invisible in order to deal with the change of business circumstances.

　For development of SMEs to improve their transparency, it requires the accounting standards reflects the actual situations of SMEs and the cultivation of manager’s consciousness for their company’s transparency. We think that it is time to consider to make not only financial accounting systems, but also guidelines for financial management and cost accounting of SMEs like the guidelines in 1950s.

　I consider the next point in this article. First point, I confirm the SMEs problem recognized depending on the changes of the postwar SMEs policy. The second, I take up representative measures from SMEs measures and consider contribution of the Management Accounting about the practice and effect measurement of SMEs measures.

　For the postwar reconstruction period, for the SMEs problem called the unripe management technique of SMEs, management consulting and management textbooks supported improvement of the ability for SMEs management. On this occasion, contribution of the Management Accounting is to have introduced Cost Accounting method for SMEs management. During a period of growth stable from a high growth of economy, for the SMEs problem called gap in productivity between large enterprises and SMEs, investment and consulting by the Business Innovation Program was going to narrow the gap. A Purpose of the Business Innovation Program is to raise the productivity of SMEs by collectivization and cooperation. On this occasion, the Management Accounting contributed by the method such as budget control and investment management. In 1999, SMEs Basic Law underwent its first radical overhaul, the basic idea of the SMEs Basic Law switched it to the support of SMEs with a motivation and abilities, the leading figure of the policy changed from the public sector into a private engine. As a result, the consulting function changed from the public to a private, too.

Under the new SMEs Basic Law, in the practice scene of SMEs measures, it became difficult to confirm contribution of the management accounting. On the other hand, contribution of the management accounting became very necessary in the effect measurement scene of SMEs measures. Therefore it is necessary to incorporate the effect measurement of SMEs measures in administrative evaluation system of a country and local government.

　A questionnaire survey conducted in January 2015 targeting the members of Tohoku Certified Public Tax Accountants’ Associations. A questionnaire sent to 1,715 Tax Accountants with a response rate of 24.9%.

　As a result of the regression analysis, it was indicated that changes in economic conditions affect by “Sales without reconstruction special demand”, “Nuclear damage”, “Reconstruction special demand” and “Repayment difficulties”. “Accounting” is not major factor in the regression analysis, but Tax Accountants suppose that accounting is useful in another question. Accordingly, I analyzed the text information of what is useful in accounting by the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis.

　“The Basic Guidelines of Accounting for SMEs” come into widespread use. But a significant difference of the extent of use “the Basic Guidelines of Accounting for SMEs” is recognized between the groups of using computers for tax return.

　Tax Accountants think that “the Basic Guidelines of Accounting for SMEs” have some merits and some demerits. Some merits and demerits are same content. Someone said it can capture the actual situation, but the others said it cannot capture the actual situation. It is because there are many types of Tax Accountants and many types of tax practice.

　We must promote SMEs to understand the useful in accounting by using “the Basic Guidelines of Accounting for SMEs”.

　“Guideline for Personal Guarantee Provided by Business Owners” was published from the Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Japanese Bankers Association on December 5th, 2013 and was introduced from February 1st, 2014. This “Guideline for Personal Guarantee Provided by Business Owners” was developed from the awareness of the issues that personal guarantees provided by the owners of Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) inhibit the growth of SMEs. As “The Basic Guidance of Accounting for SMEs” was developed so that the finance was smoothly carried out through improving the financial soundness of SMEs, both “Guideline for Personal Guarantee Provided by Business Owners” and “The Basic Guidance of Accounting for SMEs” were developed to cause a stir in the finance for SMEs relying collaterals such as real estate.

　This paper describes background and aims of the development of “Guideline for Personal Guarantee Provided by Business Owners” and clarifies the actual conditions of finance for SMEs in this fiscal year and opinions of tax lawyers and positions of financial institutions against “Guideline for Personal Guarantee Provided by Business Owners”.

　Further, this paper clarifies the significance of “Guidelines for Personal Guarantee Provided by Business Owners” and “The Basic Guidance of Accounting for SMEs” in the finance for SMEs and makes a proposal to expand the application of “Guidelines for Personal Guarantee Provided by Business Owners”.