A consideration into a view of safety on natural disaster reduction in Japan as we see proverbs such as traditions, historica l events in China, folklores and folk beliefs Fumio YOSHIMOTO and Satoshi MINAMI Proverbs such as traditions, historical events in China, folklores and folk beliefs on“Rain”“The Wind”“A Thunderbolt”and“An Earthquake”are classified into“regions”“The Four Seasons”“Plants and Animals”and“Each of Era”for basic safety education and promotion on mitigating against natural disasters in Japan stretches to the winds. These types of proverbs are precious in that they represent the longstanding deep bound between the Japanese people and their tradition of agriculture and fisheries etc. Special observations about the great Kanto earthquake of Sept.1,1923and the great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of Jan.17,1995are thrown into this consideration.
This original articles suggest important basic actions to take in a natural disaster and also include basic information about preparing for and mitigating against natural disasters with keeping“Regions”“The Four Seasons”“Plants and Animals”and“Each of era”under observations. Especially proverbs including“Mammals”“Birds”“Reptiles”“Amphibians”“Fishes”“Insects”and“Crops”etc are useful for us to take responsibility for making. our wise communities safer.

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We examinedr elationshipb etweeno cclusalf orce (OF) andb one mass. A n occlusal-forcem eter (GM 10, Nagano Keiki, Japan) was employed for measurement of OF. Calcaneal bone density was measured by using bonedensitometers(AOS 100, ALOKA, J apan) Physicalc haracteristicws ere also evaluateda nd were comparedw ith OF.
We obtainedf ollowingr esults.
1) Grip strengtho f the large LBM (lean body mass) group (the average LBM; 45. Okg, t he averagea ge; 22.5yrs) was significantlyh igher than that of the low LBM group ( the averageL BM; 34.9kg, the average age; 20. lyrs).
2) Boned ensity of the large LBM group was significantlyh ighert han that of the low LBM.
3) Grip strengtho f the large OF groupw as significantlyla rgert hant hat of the low OF. Thoughw e consideredt hat high OF had beneficiale ffect for high muscularo utput, we also confirmedt hat such phenomenonw as n ot alwaysi n the case.
4) The averageb oned ensityo f the large OF groupw as significantlylo wert han that of the low OF group.
5) Energy expenditure estimated with time study significantly correlated with that estimated with pedometor analysis. Valueso btainedw ith time study were4 00kcal higherin the averaget han that by pedometor analysis.

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In the activity of school safety education, main duty of Yogo teachers ( nursing teachers ) is safety administrationsu ch as first aids for injury and safety checks of pupils. There are strongn eeds for preventivea ctivity for accidentsa nd disasters. But now, they have to engaget hemselvesi n not only safetym anagemenbt ut also safety education, becausei tis necessaryt ocope with the physicala nd mentalp roblemso fpupils actively. Yogo teachers are requested to achieve peculiarity of their duty and to maintain function of school health office. We surveyed factorsr elativelyc auses of injuries, a ccidentsa nd life-stylesa mongp upils. This survey couldc ontubutet o verify the management of schoolh ealtho fficeby Yogot eachersi n activities of schools afety education.
The subjectsare 1,300pupilsa nd their Yoga teachersin elementarys chools and juniorhigh schools and senior high schools. Self-completedq uestionnairem ethodw asu sed in this survey.
The following 3 pointsh ave been clearedf rom the survey
1. Pupilsw ith well-regulatedb ehaviorw ent to bed e arly and got up early refreshingly.
2. Highly“upliftedf eeling”is the importante lementw hich influencesb oth on the good sense of“awaking”a nd the felling of“fatigue”.
3. Considering c opingw ith accidentsor experiences of accidentsp, upils who have experiencedm anyi njuries and goodk nowledgef or preventinga ccidentss eldomm eet with accidents.
Accordingt o the results, Yogo teachersm ustm ake pupilso felementarys choolsa nd junior high schools establish fundamentali fe-style, and promote firm sense of norm, as studentso f senior high schools are greatly affectedb y stressors. Yoga teachers should make much of their mental health problems. For the reasons stated above, the activity of schools afetye ducationi ncludingh ealthc ounselinga ctivityi s greatlyn eeded.

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This paper introduces Practical Information on Crisis Planning: a Guide for School and Communities published by the U. S. Department of Education. This guide is intended to give schools, districts, and communities the critical concepts and components of good crisis planning, stimulate thinking about the crisis preparedness process, and provide examples of promising practices.
The guide addresses four p hases of crisis management; prevention/mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Mitigation/Prevention addresses what schools and districts can do to reduce or eliminate risk to life and property. Preparedness focuses on the process of planning for the worst-case scenario. Response is devoted to the steps to take during a crisis. Recovery deals with how to restore the learning and teaching environment after a crisis.
I analyzed this guide and its background including the trend of crisis planning in the United States. Finally I compared the guide with crisis management for schools in Japan.

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