Mirror Visual Feedback (MVF) with a mirror box and Virtual Reality based MVF
(VR-MVF) are known as one of several therapies within a rehabilitation for improve-
ment of motor function after stroke and pain control. Our paper focuses on cognitive
functions of temporal consistency between prediction with motor imagery and visual in-
formation related to motor movements in using MVF and VR-MVF because of common
features of the both MVFs. Healthy participants tried completing an experimental task
to synchronize prediction of visual change of motor movements with motor imagery and
visual information about motor movements in a virtual environment resembling VR-
MVF. In the experimental tasks, visual information was provided in two conditions
which are temporal delayed and not delayed. We evaluated that success and failure of
twelve trials in experimental tasks, cortical activations measured with functional Mag-
netic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and subjective experience collected by questionnaire
during performing the experimental tasks. The participants could complete the consis-
tency prediction of visual change and visual information in motor movements on the
virtual environment. We found that prediction error is perceived when the prediction of
visual change in motor movement is not consistent with visual information about mo-
tor movement, and there are interindividual variability in the task completion related
to the consistency. This suggests temporal consistency between prediction with motor
imagery and visual information related to motor movement may be able to contribute
motor learning on VR-MVF.

Analysis of Individually Unique Body Movements in Skill Acquisition Processes

Jun Ichikawa, Kazuhisa Miwa, Hitoshi Terai

Released: May 31, 2017

p.337-354

In skill acquisition for periodic body movements such as cascade juggling, establish-
ment of stable body movements seems crucial. However, we have a further question:
do all jugglers acquire such common skills through standard developmental processes?
Consequently, we mainly investigated development of three types of stabilities: the
stability of chest movement representing torso movement, the stability of wrist move-
ment representing arm swing, and the stability of time interval representing swinging
rhythm. In addition, we also investigated participants’verbal reports on their inten-
tional concerns for achieving optimum learning during practice. In the experiment,
novices practiced three-ball cascade juggling over a period of one week. The findings
revealed that two of the five intermediate level jugglers who performed over 100 suc-
cessive catches established individually unique body movements. Results also revealed
the possibility that such specific body movements related to their intentional focuses
during practice.

Collaboratively Creating a Training System for Novice Nurses through Boundary Crossing: An Activity Theory Based Analysis of the Dialogue Process

Shuta Kagawa, Miyuki Shibutani, Rie Mitani, Akiko Nakaoka

Released: May 31, 2017

p.355-376

This study constituted action research that nurses and researchers tried to change
a training system for novice nurses by building a community of dialogue that went
beyond existing frameworks. First, we interviewed the administrator, clinical educa-
tor, and preceptor who were concerned with newcomer education and the design of
the training system, and we analyzed the differences or gaps among their perspectives.
Second, we planned and tried a cross-boundary method whereby the nurses exchanged
knowledge and created a new training system for newcomers, negotiating the bound-
aries among wards or between researchers and hospital staff. The micro-process of
creating new knowledge through dialogue was examined using discourse analysis and
activity theory. The results were as follows: new knowledge was generated; and the
training system became multilateral. This was achieved through a process of continu-
ous context transformation: from past-oriented interviews to a context on the border
between past-oriented and future-oriented activity, then to a context of making con-
tradictions visible, and so on. In this process, a ‘nonsense proposal’by the researcher
(facilitator), one that nurses had laughed at and denied, also emerged as a springboard
for new, important knowledge. The discussion also describes what was created, and its
associated or conflicted heterogeneous historicity. This is discussed from the viewpoint
of concepts of zone of time perspectives (ZTP) and inter-historicity.

Evolution of Human Behavior under Risky Situations and Life History

Akira Tsurushima, Tsuneo Komatsuzaki

Released: May 31, 2017

p.377-394

Human behavior under risky or dangerous situations is considered somewhat irra-
tional from the viewpoint of objective risks. Recent studies have shown that it is
innate in nature and had been acquired in the process of evolution. This means that
such behavior is adaptive and must have some kind of efficiency or advantage in natural
selection. This paper constructs a simulation model of the human evolution process and
tries to acquire risk related behavior of Agents. Agents, which simulate life histories of
humans, have shown risk accepting behavior over a large parameter space that specifies
the environmental condition in which the evolution takes place. The relation between
behavior under risky situations and life histories of organisms is also discussed.

Can Language Non-Selective Activation be Seen in the Processing of Lexical Syntactic Information?: An Eye-Tracking Study on Reading Cognates in L2-Japanese with Different L1-Chinese Passive Frequencies by Chinese-Japanese Bilinguals

Ke-Xin Xiong, Katsuo Tamaoka, Michael Patrick Mansbridge

Released: May 31, 2017

p.395-410

Previous experimental studies suggest that bilinguals’lexical access is language non
selective, and that L1 word frequency plays a role in L2 word recognition. The current
eye-tracking study investigated L1 frequency effects of lexical syntactic information
during reading. Chinese-Japanese bilinguals read L2-Japanese sentences containing
two types of cognate verbal nouns. Though these words were cognates, they differed
in the frequency with which they appeared as passives between Japanese and Chinese.
Stimuli items were all displayed in Japanese in either their active or passive voice form
for both the experimental (low frequency of L1-Chinese passive usage, e.g., 指示‘in-
struct’) and control (high frequency of L1-Chinese passive usage, e.g., 逮捕‘arrest’)
conditions. The frequencies in L2-Japanese were controlled to be equal for all items.
The results demonstrated that cognates with low frequency of L1-Chinese passive usage
induced longer L2-Japanese reading times during early and late stages of processing in
comparison to all other conditions. These cognates also displayed lower accuracy than
their active voice counterparts. In conclusion, this study revealed that besides the over-
all word frequency, the L1 frequency of syntactic information has substantial influence
on the processing of the target L2 language.

Short Note

The Influence of Semi-Forced Selections on Human Preference in Conversation with an Android through a Touch Display

Miki Watanabe, Kohei Ogawa, Yuichiro Yoshikawa, Hiroshi Ishiguro

Released: May 31, 2017

p.411-419

Human judgment and decision making is influenced by artifacts as well as other
people. Human-robot communication in real life has been attracting attention and
robots have begun to be utilized as a human interlocutor in recent years. For instance,
Watanabe et al. (2015) reported that an android as a salesperson could influence human
preferences through a touch display conversation. In order to apply robots as inter-
locutors for human decision making, we need to understand how people are influenced
during interactions with robots. Thus, we investigated how semi-forced choices through
a touch display conversation with an android and human interlocutor influenced human
preferences based on cognitive dissonance theory. The results indicated that people are
more willing to accept a semi-forced choice with an android as an interlocutor rather
than with a human interlocutor.

Book Reviews

Masao Ogaki,and SaoriTanaka(2014).Behavioral Economics towards a New Economics by Integration with Traditional Economics,Tokyo:Yuhikaku

Taro Ozawa

Released: May 31, 2017

p.421-422

Full Text PDF[24K]

Akira Takada,Youko Shimada,and Rie Kawashima(2016).Conversation Analysis on child Rearning ：How Does "Responsibility" of Adults and Children Grow? Kyoto:Showadou

Mayumi Bono

Released: May 31, 2017

p.423-424

Full Text PDF[26K]

Yasunori Morishima (2015).Why Is It Difficult to Master a Foreign Language? The Science of Bilingualism through Psychology of Language,Tokyo: Keiso Shobo

Mutsumi Imai

Released: May 31, 2017

p.425-426

Full Text PDF[23K]

Michael Tomasello (author),Kazuhide Hashiya(translation)(2013).Why We Cooperate,Tokyo:Keiso Shobo

Mika Enomoto

Released: May 31, 2017

p.427-430

Full Text PDF[517K]

Conference Reports

Report on the 38th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci 2016)

Michiko Asano, Katsumi Takano, Miho Fuyama

Released: May 31, 2017

p.431-434

Full Text PDF[1064K]

Report on the Summer School 2016 of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society

Miyako Saito, Yuki Tsuji

Released: May 31, 2017

p.435-436

Full Text PDF[25K]

1 - 18 / 18 Articles.

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Back Issues

Volume And Issue List
Cognitive Studies

Cognitive Studies Vol. 23(2016) No. 4
COGINITIVE STUDIES

Foreword

Impact and Future Tasks of Alpha Go

Nojima Hisao Awards

A Reflection from the Perspective of the Nojima Hisao Awards

Foundation and Application, Researcher and Teacher

Messages from Award Winners

The Influence of Investors' Risk Attitude and Degree of Proficiency as Well as Market Trend on Their Investment Behavior

Writing Style and Revision Process of a Novelist Examined through Real-Time Creative Process Data

Can a Robot Join an Idobata Kaigi?: A Fieldwork on Theatrical Creation of Daily Conversation

Research Papers

Understanding a Cognitive Function Related to Inconsistency of Prediction with Motor Imagery and Visual Feedback during Mirror Therapy

Analysis of Individually Unique Body Movements in Skill Acquisition Processes

Collaboratively Creating a Training System for Novice Nurses through Boundary Crossing: An Activity Theory Based Analysis of the Dialogue Process

Evolution of Human Behavior under Risky Situations and Life History

Can Language Non-Selective Activation be Seen in the Processing of Lexical Syntactic Information?: An Eye-Tracking Study on Reading Cognates in L2-Japanese with Different L1-Chinese Passive Frequencies by Chinese-Japanese Bilinguals

Short Note

The Influence of Semi-Forced Selections on Human Preference in Conversation with an Android through a Touch Display

Book Reviews

Masao Ogaki,and SaoriTanaka(2014).Behavioral Economics towards a New Economics by Integration with Traditional Economics,Tokyo:Yuhikaku

Akira Takada,Youko Shimada,and Rie Kawashima(2016).Conversation Analysis on child Rearning ：How Does "Responsibility" of Adults and Children Grow? Kyoto:Showadou

Yasunori Morishima (2015).Why Is It Difficult to Master a Foreign Language? The Science of Bilingualism through Psychology of Language,Tokyo: Keiso Shobo

Michael Tomasello (author),Kazuhide Hashiya(translation)(2013).Why We Cooperate,Tokyo:Keiso Shobo

Conference Reports

Report on the 38th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci 2016)

Report on the Summer School 2016 of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society

System Maintenance

Announcement From J-STAGE

Journal Tools

Share this Title

Volume And Issue List Cognitive Studies

Cognitive Studies Vol. 23(2016) No. 4 COGINITIVE STUDIES

Foreword

Nojima Hisao Awards

Messages from Award Winners

Research Papers

Short Note

Book Reviews

Conference Reports

System Maintenance

Announcement From J-STAGE

Journal Tools

Share this Title

Volume And Issue List
Cognitive Studies

Cognitive Studies Vol. 23(2016) No. 4
COGINITIVE STUDIES