Journal of Computational Science and Technology
Online ISSN : 1881-6894
ISSN-L : 1881-6894
Volume 2, Issue 1
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
Papers
  • Shozo KAWAMURA, Kennichi TAKAO, Hirofumi MINAMOTO, Zahid HOSSAIN
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this study, the influence of the discretizing method, such as a constant element or a linear element, on the accuracy of the identified results is investigated in the boundary value inverse analysis by the Boundary Element Method. For the regularization of the inverse analysis, the combination method is used; the one that the fundamental solution in B.E.M. is selected adequately and the one that the rank of the coefficient matrix is reduced. The optimum condition for solving the inverse problem is found by two performance indexes which are the condition number of the coefficient matrix and the residual norm caused by the rank reduction of the matrix. In a numerical example, the inverse problem governed by two-dimensional Laplace equation is treated. As a result, the identified result obtained using the linear element has almost the same accuracy as the one using the constant element while the accuracy using the constant element is often better, and the selection method of an adequate fundamental solution is very effective for the inverse analysis. Thus, the inverse analysis may be carried out using the constant element and the adequate fundamental solution selected.
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  • Yutaka TOI, JongBin LEE, Minoru TAYA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 11-22
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2008
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    A method of coupled magneto-superelastic analysis by the sequential approach is proposed for shape memory alloy (SMA) helical spring actuators controlled by magnetic force. The commercial finite element software ANSYS/Emag is used for the magnetic field analysis, while the one-dimensional finite element program developed by the authors is used for the analysis of superelastic behaviors of SMA helical springs. The validity of the proposed method is verified by applying the method to the analysis of actuator models utilizing SMA composite or ferromagnetic SMA helical springs and comparing the calculated results with the experimental results.
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  • Eiji MORINAGA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 23-33
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2008
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    This paper proposes a numerical method for computing the flows at high Reynolds number (Re). A modified fractional step (FS) finite element method (FEM) is based upon the velocity correction method (VCM) and uses two concepts to conduct intermediate velocity. The first is the streamline method, which provides an accurate multidimensional generalization, and the second is the balancing tensor diffusivity (BTD), which is used as the artificial diffusion for the stabilization techniques. The accuracy of this method for the advection-diffusion equation is demonstrated for the rotating cone problem. The unsteady incompressible viscous flows, such as square cavity flow at Re≤10000 and flow past a cylinder at Re≤2000, are simulated without any numerical instability.
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  • Toshihisa NISHIOKA, Guangqin ZHOU, Takehiro FUJIMOTO
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 34-45
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2008
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    In this paper, the general solutions for a penny-shaped crack in an infinite solid, subjected to arbitrary tractions on the crack surfaces were derived. The applicability was demonstrated deriving the closed-form solutions for a penny-shaped (circular) crack subjected to the lower-order loading such as constant tension, shear, bending, and torsion. Furthermore, we consider circular cracks subjected to secondary and cubic-order normal stresses respectively. The results show that the stress intensity factor distribution derived from the general solution exactly agree with the analytical solutions derived by Shah and Kobayashi.
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  • Cuimin LI, Tomoyuki HIROYASU, Mitsunori MIKI
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 46-55
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
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    In this paper, we propose a stress-based crossover (SX) operator to solve the checkerboard-like material distributation and disconnected topology that is common for simple genetic algorithm (SGA) to structural topology optimization problems (STOPs). A penalty function is defined to evaluate the fitness of each individual. A number of constrained problems are adopted to experiment the effectiveness of SX for STOPs. Comparison of 2-point crossover (2X) with SX indicates that SX can markedly suppress the checkerboard-like material distribution phenomena. Comparison of evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) and SX demonstrates the global search ability and flexibility of SX. Experiments of a Michell-type problem verifies the effectiveness of SX for STOPs. For a multi-loaded problem, SX searches out alternate solutions on the same parameters that shows the global search ability of GA.
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  • Toru HYAKUTAKE, Takeshi MATSUMOTO, Shinichiro YANASE
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 56-67
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
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    Numerical simulations are performed using the lattice Boltzmann method for particulate suspension in a plane channel flow at low and moderate Reynolds numbers in order to investigate the blood cell behavior in microvascular flows. The simulation results of three types of particle volume fractions indicate the existence of an important relationship between the Reynolds number and the variance of the particles. When the particle volume fraction is small, it is found that the particles are concentrated between the centerline and the wall, that is, the Segré-Silberberg effect occurs. On the other hand, as the particle volume fraction becomes larger, this effect disappears and the variance of the particles increases. In the case of an inelastic collision, the number of the particles that flow near the wall increases and the variance of the particle distribution decreases in comparison with the case of the elastic collision.
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  • Takayuki HAMA, Masato TAKAMURA, Akitake MAKINOUCHI, Cristian TEODOSIU, ...
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 68-80
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The treatment of contact between a sheet and tools is one of the most difficult problems to deal with in finite-element simulations of the sheet metal forming processes. In order to obtain more accurate tool models without increasing the number of elements, this paper describes new techniques for the contact problem using a local interpolation for tool surfaces proposed by Nagata. The Nagata patch enables the creation of tool models that are much more accurate in shape than those of the conventional polyhedral representations. Contact search algorithms between the sheet nodes and the interpolated tool surfaces and a consistent contact tangent stiffness matrix for the sliding sheet nodes were formulated. The proposed contact search algorithms allow robust and accurate contact analyses. The developed algorithms were introduced into the static-explicit elastoplastic finite-element method code STAMP3D. Simulations of a square-cup deep-drawing process with a very coarsely discretized punch model were carried out. The simulated results showed that the proposed algorithms yield the proper deformation process, thus demonstrating the validity of the proposed techniques.
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  • Noriyuki KUSHIDA, Hiroshi OKUDA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 81-91
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
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    The feasibility of the GeoFEM as a platform for the parallel finite element method on the earth simulator was investigated. Since the earth simulator consists of 640 SMP nodes, each of which has eight vector processors, there are three levels of hierarchical parallelization methods: inter-node, intra-node, and vectorization. GeoFEM has extremely high inter-node parallel efficiency. However, the application of GeoFEM in an environment involving over 1,000 processors has not yet been examined. Furthermore, the hierarchical architecture of the Earth Simulator requires optimization for intra-node parallelization and vectorization for better practical performance. Various ordering methods have been used to accomplish intra-node parallelization and vectorization, and we eventually achieved a performance of 10 TeraFLOPS for a 6.4-GDOF problem.
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  • -Treatment of Two-Phase Flow-
    Haruki OBARA, Jhun SUEMURA, Mariko HONDA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 92-100
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method developed by Monaghan and Liversky, et al. is beset with the problem of numerical disorder at the interface of a two-phase flow such as that of gas and liquid. In this paper, new formulas for the SPH method, termed relaxation equations, suitable for treating the two-phase flow of nonviscous fluid are proposed. The relaxation equations are developed on the basis of the mass and momentum conservation equations. By using these equations, it is possible to suppress numerical disorder around the interface of two fluids.
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  • -Treatment of Two-Phase Flow in Case of Different-Size Particles-
    Haruki OBARA, Mariko HONDA, Akinori KOYAMA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 101-110
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In our preceding report, we proposed relaxation equations for the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method suited to suppress the numerical disorder around the interface of different materials such as gas and liquid. However, when the dimensions of particles are not the same, numerical disorder appears again. Additionally, there was difficulty in that the momentum conservation is not satisfied in the relaxation equation for acceleration when the smoothing lengths of 2 particles are not the same. In this work, we study the problem of the numerical disorder caused by the difference in dimension between particles, and we propose a new smoothing method to suppress the numerical disorder. Additionally, we discuss the treatment of smoothing length, which was not clearly discussed previously, and we propose a revised relaxation equation, in which the momentum of particles is conserved.
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  • Takahiro TERANISHI, Hironobu NISITANI, Kuniharu USHIJIMA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 111-117
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: April 15, 2008
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    The non-linear crack mechanics (NLCM) was proposed by one of the authors, which gives a method for predicting the strength of a real object from the strength of specimens under large scale yielding condition. In NLCM, the plastic strain at a crack tip obtained by FEM is used as a measure of mechanical severity. In this study, the relation between the effectiveness of NLCM and the crack length is discussed based on FEM analyses of strips with a center crack subjected to tension. As the result, it was confirmed that NLCM is an effective way for predicting the strength of structures with a wide range of crack length a/w=0.1∼0.9 (a: half crack length, w: half width of strip).
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  • Shin'ya OBARA, Itaru TANNO
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 118-129
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 02, 2008
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    By clarifying a plant evolutive process, useful information may be obtained on engineering. Consequently, an analysis algorithm that investigates the optimal arrangement of plant leaves was developed. In the developed algorithm, the Monte Carlo method is introduced and sunlight is simulated. Moreover, the arrangement optimization of leaves is analyzed using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The number of light quanta (photon flux density) that reaches leaves, or the average photosynthetic rate of the same was set as the objective function, and leaf models of a dogwood and a ginkgo tree were analyzed. The number of leaf models was set between two to four, and the position of the leaf was expressed in terms of the angle of direction, elevation angle, rotation angle, and the representative length of the branch of a leaf. The chromosome model introduced into GA consists of information concerning the position of the leaf. Based on the analysis results, the characteristics of the leaf of an actual plant could be simulated by ensuring the algorithm had multiple constrained conditions. The optimal arrangement of leaves differs in maximization of the photon flux density, and that of the average value of a photosynthetic rate. Furthermore, the leaf form affecting the optimal arrangement of leave and also having a significant influence also on a photosynthetic rate was shown.
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  • Hideo KOGUCHI, Nobuki MEO
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 130-141
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 02, 2008
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    Dissimilar material properties may cause stress singularities, which may lead to the failure of the bonding part in joints. It is important to analyze stress singularity fields in order to evaluate the strength of the interface in three-dimensional joints. Thermal residual stresses occur during cooling after bonding of the joints, and stress singularities can also be caused by these thermal stresses. In the present study, a boundary element method and an eigenvalue analysis based on the finite element method are used to evaluate the intensity of the stress singularity. A three-dimensional boundary element program based on the fundamental solution for two-phase isotropic materials is used. The strength of the interface of two types of Si-resin specimens with different bonding areas is investigated analytically and experimentally. Stress singularity analysis is first carried out for a delamination force acting on the specimen. The stress singularity field for the residual stresses is determined while varying the material property in resin with temperature. Combining the stress singularity field for the delamination force and the residual thermal stress yields a final stress distribution for evaluating the strength of the interface. Finally, the strength of the interface in three-dimensional joints was determined as 0.0914-0.133 MPa·m0.68.
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  • Takuya UEHARA, Takahiro TSUJINO
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 142-149
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 02, 2008
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    Microstructure formation and stress evolution in a microstructure is simulated based on coupling equations for the phase, temperature and stress/strain. Grain growth processes from some nuclei of the precipitated phase are simulated under three different conditions. Assuming volumetric dilatation in the transformation to the precipitated phase, tensile and compressive stresses are generated in the interfacial region, and the distribution changes as the grain grows. The elasto-plastic model gives a residual stress distribution in the material, which is not able to be obtained using the elastic calculation. A grain-growth model with four regularly placed nuclei demonstrates creation of residual stress zones along the grain boundaries. Another model with randomly distributed nuclei also gives a residual stress distribution along the grain boundaries, in which dependence of the stress on the size and shape are observed.
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  • Masao OGINO, Ryuji SHIOYA, Hiroshi KANAYAMA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 150-161
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 08, 2008
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    The balancing domain decomposition (BDD) method is a well-known preconditioner due to its excellent convergence rate. The BDD method includes the Neumann-Neumann preconditioner and a coarse grid correction. Several studies have considered applications of the BDD method to various phenomena and improvement of its convergence rate. However, in applying the BDD method to large-scale problems, it is difficult to solve the coarse problem of a coarse grid correction since the size of the coarse problem increases in proportion to the number of subdomains (i.e., the size of the original problem). Other preconditioners with a coarse grid correction have the same problem. To overcome this problem, use of a new preconditioner, namely, incomplete balancing domain decomposition with a diagonal-scaling (IBDD-DIAG) method is proposed in this study. The method is based on the BDD method, and constructed by an incomplete balancing preconditioner and a simplified diagonal-scaling preconditioner. Moreover, it is parallelized by the hierarchical domain decomposition method. To evaluate this new approach, some computational examples of large-scale problems are demonstrated.
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  • Ryouji KONDOU, Tetsuya OHASHI, Sei MIURA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 162-172
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 13, 2008
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    Slip deformation in Cu-9at.% Al symmetric type bicrystal models subjected to tensile loading is investigated by a finite element crystal plasticity analysis code. Accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) and statistically stored dislocations (SSDs) are studied in detail. Results of the analysis show asymmetric non-uniform deformation and accumulation of GNDs on the primary and secondary slip systems with activation of secondary slip system near the grain boundary. Mechanism of asymmetric non-uniform deformation with GNDs accumulated near the grain boundary in the Cu-9at.% Al symmetric type bicrystal models is discussed from the viewpoint of the effects of the elastic anisotropy of Cu-9at.% Al and the heterogeneity of initial statically stored dislocations density.
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  • Kenji YAMAZAKI, Ichiro HAGIWARA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 173-184
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2008
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    Because of the large scale model of the finite element method in these days, it is required to find a method, which can be applied to the optimal analysis, to minimize the time of the estimate of the dynamic characteristics in changing the structure. We develop here a new perturbation method with a complimentary term which is effective for this purpose. By both the theoretical and numerical analysis, we show that the accuracy of the estimate is greatly improved even when the lower modes are not used by using the complimentary vector. This correction vector is obtained by Ma-Hagiwara modal method and adjusted to the change of the structure and the input style. We can show the possibility by using this method proposed here to reduce the analysis time drastically even when the structure is changed greatly on a large scale model.
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  • Daisuke ISHIHARA, Shigeo KANEI, Shinobu YOSHIMURA, Tomoyoshi HORIE
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 185-196
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this paper, a parallel monolithic method for shell-fluid interaction based on the consistent Pressure Poisson Equation (PPE) is developed and its parallel computational efficiency is demonstrated. The Conjugate Gradient (CG) method without any preconditioner works well to solve the consistent PPE, even though the coefficient matrix of the original coupled equation system becomes ill-conditioned due to (a) the inhomogeneity of submatrix elements between the fluid and the structure and (b) the ill-conditioned submatrix of shell structure. Thus our parallel monolithic method using the consistent PPE and the CG method without any preconditioner is efficient for parallel analyses of shell-fluid interaction problems. The present parallel solution procedure is based on the mesh decomposition. To demonstrate the performances of the developed method, it is applied to simulate the vibration of an elastic plate situated in the wake of a rectangular prism and a flapping elastic wing in quiescent fluid.
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  • Yoshiteru AOYAGI, Kazuyuki SHIZAWA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 197-209
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: June 05, 2008
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    In the previous paper, the geometrically necessary (GN) incompatibility is newly defined and a new annihilation term of dislocation pairs due to the dynamic recovery is introduced into an expression of dislocation density. Furthermore, a multiscale model of crystal plasticity is proposed by considering the GN dislocation density and incompatibility. However, details of dislocation-crystal plasticity calculation are not given. In this paper, we explain a method of dislocation-crystal plasticity analysis. A finite element simulation is carried out for an f.c.c. single crystal under plane strain tension. It is numerically predicted that micro shear bands are formed at large strain, and sub-GNBs: small angle tilt boundaries are induced along these bands. Furthermore, the annihilation of dislocation pairs and the increase of dislocation mean free path characterizing stage III of work-hardening are computationally predicted.
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  • Toshio NAGASHIMA, Naoki MIURA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 210-221
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: June 05, 2008
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    The extended finite element method (X-FEM), which can model the domain without explicitly meshing the crack surface, can be used to perform stress analyses for efficiently solving fracture mechanics problems. In the present study, the constraint condition enforcement for X-FEM analysis considering symmetry is presented. Since the interpolation functions utilized in X-FEM analysis include the enrichment basis functions, the freedoms of the node on the symmetric plane should be constrained properly in the X-FEM model with symmetric conditions. Moreover, evaluation of the energy release rate by the domain integral method should be performed considering the symmetry conditions. In the present paper, the constraint conditions for three-dimensional X-FEM analysis considering symmetric conditions are summarized, and numerical examples using symmetric X-FEM models are shown. The proposed procedure can be used to perform efficient X-FEM analyses of practical fracture problems.
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  • Makoto TANABE, Tomoyuki DEURA, Hiroyuki OKUDA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 222-233
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: June 12, 2008
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    In this paper, a simple and efficient boundary element method using a modal transformation is presented to solve a transient acoustic problem in the open space around a structure caused by the vibration due to the impact force on it. After the transient vibration of the structure is obtained by the finite element analysis, the velocity response of the surface of the structure is transformed to frequency domain. Transient acoustic pressures at points of interest are calculated as a combination of steady-state acoustic boundary element solutions under the velocity boundary conditions at discrete frequencies. However, high frequency terms exceeding an allowable frequency, which is decided from the boundary element mesh, are automatically omitted to obtain a stable solution while saving the computation time considerably. To get the boundary element solution effectively, a modal transformation using vibration modes of the structure is made to the boundary element matrices at each frequency, since the acoustic behavior on the surface of the structure is considered to be related deeply to that of the vibration. However, extra modes are added to express the acoustic field around the surface where displacements are fixed.
    Based on the present method, a boundary element transient acoustic analysis program, ASA/ACOUSTICS has been developed. Numerical examples are demonstrated.
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  • Akira TODOROKI, Masato SEKISHIRO
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 234-245
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: July 03, 2008
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    This paper deals with multiple constraints for dimension and stacking-sequence optimization of a blade-stiffened composite panel. In a previous study, a multiple objective genetic algorithm using a Kriging response surface with a buckling load constraint was the target. The present study focuses on dimension and stacking-sequence optimization with both a buckling load constraint and a fracture constraint. Multiple constraints complicate the process of selecting sampling analyses to improve the Kriging response surface. The proposed method resolves this problem using the most-critical-constraint approach. The new approach is applied to a blade stiffened composite panel and the approach is shown to be efficient.
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  • Yasufumi YAMAMOTO, Makoto YAMAUCHI, Tomomasa UEMURA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 246-257
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this study, a front-tracking (FT) method combined with a solver for the interfacial transport of surfactant is proposed to analyze interfacial flows affected by contamination. Because the interfaces are expressed explicitly in the FT method, the advection-diffusion equation on the interface can be treated easily and can be solved with high accuracy. In this study, a scheme that completely conserves the total amount of surfactant was constructed. Numerical simulations of a water drop sinking in silicone oil were performed, taking into account the Marangoni effect caused by concentrations. The effects of three parameters—a damping coefficient of interfacial tension, a diffusion coefficient, and the total amount of surfactant—were evaluated. Calculated results were compared with experimental results and were in very good agreement with variables including the stagnant cap size, the flow separation point, and the peak of shear stress. We can therefore expect that our simulations can estimate the conditions of surfactant at the interfaces.
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  • Satoshi KITAYAMA, Koetsu YAMAZAKI
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 258-267
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2008
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    This paper presents a method to obtain the global or quasi-optimum for the discrete and continuous design variables, based on the Modified Generalized Random Tunneling Algorithm (MGRTA). By handling the discrete design variables as penalty function, the augmented objective function is constructed. As a result, all design variables can be treated as the continuous design variables. The augmented objective function becomes non-convex, and has many local minima. That is, finding optimum of discrete design variables is transformed into finding global optimum of this augmented objective function. Then the MGRTA is applied to this augmented objective function, subject to the behavior and side constraints. We also propose the new update scheme of penalty parameter for the penalty function of discrete design variables in this paper. The proposed update scheme of penalty parameter utilizes the information of the penalty function value of discrete design variables. By utilizing the characteristics of MGRTA, some optima are obtained. The validity of the proposed method is examined through typical benchmark problems.
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  • Kazuhisa CHIBA, Yoshikazu MAKINO, Takeshi TAKATOYA
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 268-280
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The hybrid method between multi-objective particle swarm optimization and adaptive range multi-objective genetic algorithm has been developed and its performance has been measured by using three test functions with noise. Moreover, it was applied to a large-scale and real-world engineering design problem. The performance measurement was carried out under the conditions of a small number of population size and generations to apply the practical problem which it needed large computational time for the evaluation. The convergence metric and the cover rate were employed as the measurement manners. Consequently, it revealed that the present hybrid method had similar performance for a simple three-dimensional test problem compared with genetic algorithm in a small number of generations. Moreover, it had the best performance for the test functions with noise. Therefore, the present hybrid method was applied to the wing design of the silent supersonic technology demonstrator. As a result, the efficient design exploration was performed and obtained 75 non-dominated solutions revealed the beneficial knowledge to decide a compromise solution.
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  • Keiichi TSUJIMOTO, Joonhong AHN
    2008 Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 281-293
    Published: 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2008
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    The Object-Oriented technology is applied to mass transport analysis of the high-level radioactive waste repository, and the Virtual RepositoryTM code, a prototype of Object-Oriented simulation code of the repository, has been developed. With the prototype, the feasibility and effectiveness of the computation technology to the repository performance analysis code has been studied. It has been demonstrated that by applying the existing Object-Oriented technology, the repository performance analysis code has been modularized and structured under the unified calculation environment. It is also shown that by utilizing the unified calculation environment, the code can analyze the repository model composed of multiple-canisters with various waste configuration patterns, which has never been performed by the conventional approaches. The present scoping study with the prototype shows that in order to apply the Object-Oriented analysis code to practical high-level radioactive waste repository simulation, the Object-Oriented framework should be optimized for realistic high-level radioactive waste models, especially for highly non-linear phenomena.
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