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Article type: Cover
Pages
Cover1-
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
Pages
A1-A2
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
Pages
A3-A12
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Article type: Index
Pages
Toc1-
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Atsushi ITO
Article type: Article
Pages
ii-iii
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The mural paintings of the burial chamber of Idout in Saqqara, Egypt are very beautiful and valuable historically. But many parts of the paintings were damaged and exfoliated from the walls with gypsum plaster by the weathering of mother rock. The restoration of the mural paintings goes under "the Egyptian-Japanese Mission for the Mastaba Idout", and restored paintings were temporarily fixed on the walls without south wall in 2009. For the conservation of the mural paintings and the burial chamber, the reinforcement of mother rock is being carried out on the basis of the ground investigation results.
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Kazumi Murakami
Article type: Article
Pages
iv-v
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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IEA forecasts continuous increment of oil demand of the world for 2035 in their latest World Energy Outlook 2010 and asserts that unconventional oil is set to play a key role in the future oil supply and demand balance. Particularly Canadian oil sands and Venezuelan extra-heavy crude oil (EHCO) are to play a significant role in the exploitation of unconventional resources, because of the facts that they are already in production and also the size of their resources, significant reserves are considered as proven and their geographically concentrated. View above, I will report present status of both Canadian oil sands and Venezuelan EHCO and problems in introducing them as future feed stocks for Japanese oil refineries accordingly.
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Akira Ishii
Article type: Article
Pages
vi-vii
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Development of Shale gas has been accelerated in the North America for the last 2, 3 years. It will consist a half of total natural gas production of the U.S. within next 20 years. Possible adverse effect of drinking water contamination by the multistage hydro=fracturing technique for shale gas production has been scrutinized and has started to be settled partially. International impact of "Shale Gas Revolution", especially for the North East Asia, will be huge in the future.
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Koichi YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
Pages
viii-ix
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Wood biomass, one of the renewable energy has attracted attention in the aspect of a resource for regional energy and the reinvigoration of local economy after the Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake. Unused thinned-roundwood so called forest residues has a big potential to be utilized as biomass fuel. Round-wood is sometimes classified into 4 types, for A type log) sawn timber, B) glue lam and plywood, C) pulp and paper, D) energy, based on the purpose of use. Main stream of conventional forest operation is to harvest A, B and C. System to integrate A, B, C and D from harvesting site to industrial sites is required to establish in regional sectors including research sector.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
Pages
x-xi
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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CSP, Concentrating Solar Power, is becoming the focus of worldwide attention for mitigating global warming as well as for generating clean electricity. CSP has vast world potential, but is applicable to restricted areas commonly called "sunbelt" lying somewhere between latitude of 20 to 40 degree both in north and south hemispheres. Therefore, long distance power transmission and solar fuel production are necessary for further development of CSP.
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R. Watanabe
Article type: Article
Pages
xii-xiii
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Air-conditioning systems are indispensable equipment for automobiles, and require the control systems which actualize thermal comfort and optimal energy use. In this paper, we introduce the dynamic thermal environment model of the automobiles that can be used for the design of the air-conditioning systems.
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Atsushi INABA
Article type: Article
Pages
xiv-xv
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The study group for Plastic Waste Treatment started in June, 2010, to consider how we should treat plastic waste including the plastics used for the package currently treated by the recycling law for the package materials. The group consists mainly of the members from plastic industries, related industrial associations and academia. In this presentation, the preliminary results of the studies such as the CO2 reduction cost by implementation of the recycling law for the packaging material will be reported, and then we would like to discuss the future task for the waste treatment with the participants.
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Yohji UCHIYAMA
Article type: Article
Pages
xvi-xvii
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Energy studies is defined as systematizing learning to contribute sustainable development of society by looking down at energy related issues from interdisciplinary standpoint of view. Japan is facing with nuclear disaster, global warming and rising price of crude oil. The role of "energy studies" is describing in order to support Japanese energy policy coping with them. Education of "Energy Studies" is also discussed as education courses in primary and secondary school as well as university.
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Article type: Appendix
Pages
App1-
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Hiroshi MORITOMI, Kazuhiro KUMABE, Shin MIZUTANI, Keisuke NISHIYAMA, S ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-1-1
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The effect of the trace elements on metal corrosion in an electrode cell of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) was investigated by the thermodynamic equilibrium calculations under the condition of the simulated gasification gas and the exposure experiments with an electrical furnace. In addition, the in situ observation of the surface of a button cell in the exposure experiments was carried out by using the microscope with a hot-stage to kinetically follow the behavior of the precipitation of metals such as nickel on the surface of the cell. As a result, it was found that arsenic and selenium erode zirconia and react nickel to form NiAs and Ni_7Se_8 in the electric cell for the retention time of 6.5 h after heating to 700℃. On the other hand, it was found that nickel compounds precipitate from the cell and condense on the surface of the cell to pose pore blockage since then.
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Tsunenori NAKAJIMA, Noboru KAMITANIGAWA, Hirokazu TAKANASHI, Akira OHK ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-1-2
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The elution of hazardous trace elements from coal fly ash (CFA) samples was examined. When CFA samples were subjected to the notification No. 46 of the Japan environment agency leaching test, the elution amount of B, Cr, and Se from original-CFA exceeded the standards of soil. In order to control the elution of theses elements, the acid washing was performed for CFA samples. The elution of B and Cr from CFA was effectively reduced by 0.1M HCl washing. However, the elution of Se from washed CFA was still over the standard. Also, the excess amount of As elution was observed from washed CFA sample.
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Yuichi Kasatani, Liuyun Li, Tadaaki Shimizu, Hee Joon Kim
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-1-3
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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In this study, the combustion and pyrolosis of brown coals and mushroom waste have been done. Combustion/ pyrolysis rate and emission of hydrocarbon component had been investigated. As the results, activation energy is 900 in char combustion step and in volatile combustion step. The emission amount of hydrocarbon components were increased with decreasing oxygen concentration and increasing furnace temperature.
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Kazuyoshi SATO, Yuki IZUKA, Yukiko OGAWA, Takayuki TAKARADA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-2-1
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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In this study, the influence of O_2 addition on the CO_2 gasification behavior is investigated on various coal chars. We have found that the gasification of the coal char is promoted under O_2/CO_2 co-existing atmosphere compared to O_2 or CO_2 alone. This phenomena would contribute to the efficiency enhancement of Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) with CO_2 reuse option. The microstructural characterization of coal chars indicated that the promotion effect is significant for coal char with high surface area and less developed graphitic structure. The gasification experiment using stable isotope ^<18>O_2 revealed that O_2 addition significantly enhance the CO_2 reactivity with coal char.
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Kouichi MIURA, Syunsuke IMAI, Eiji SASAOKA, Ryuichi ASHIDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-2-2
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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A mini directly-heated reactor (mini-DHR) was constructed to measure the gasification rate handily under high CO_2 pressure of 〜2 MPa in the presence of other gases, such as CO and H_2, at T= 〜1200℃. The mini-DHR was made of U-shaped SUS or Pt tubing of 3 mm I.D. The reactor itself was used as a heating element. An electric current of 75-150 A and a few volts were introduced to the reactor to heat up the reactor up to 900 to 1200℃. About 1 mg of char was placed in a platinum mesh basket of 1.0 mm I.D. and 10 mm high. The basket with the char sample was placed just above a thermocouple in the reactor. The conversion of char, X, was estimated by weighing the remaining char The X vs. t relationships obtained under various conditions were analyzed to formulate a gasification rate equation in the presence of both CO_2 and CO for a char prepared from an Australian brown coal.
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Shi-Ying LIN
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-2-3
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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This work studied a Ca chemical looping coal gasification system by operating the gasifier and the calciner under same pressure. Natural limestone(dolomite)s decomposition temperature under high CO_2 pressure were measured by using a high pressure TG. According experimental results of limestone decomposition temperature, operating conditions of chemical looping coal gasification system under same circulating pressure were studied.
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Li-Xin Zhang, Toru Matsuhara, Shinji Kudo, Koyo Norinaga, Jun-ichiro H ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-3-1
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Costs of catalyst are crucial for industrial application of catalytic gasification. Sodium and calcium salts are abundant and cheap resources, and potentially excellent catalysts of the low rank coal gasification. Steam gasification of Na-, Ca- and Na/Ca-ion-exchanged Adaro brown coal was therefore investigated with an atmospheric drop-tube reactor at 850-1000℃ under the steam partial pressure of 0.05 MPa. The Na and Ca were loaded onto the coal by ion-exchange from aqueous solutions of soda ash (Na_2CO_3) and slaked lime (Ca(OH)_2), respectively. The catalyst contents for Na, Ca, and Na/Ca ion-exchanged coals were 1.5, 3.2, and 0.36/3.0 wt% respectively. The Na/Ca ion-exchanged coal showed the highest activity toward gasification, and exhibited the char yield of 43mol-C/100mol-C-Coal at 900℃. Increasing temperature to 1000℃ enhanced the gasification of Na/Ca ion-exchanged coal reducing the char yield down to 21mol-C/100mol-C-Coal. The XRD analysis of the chars resulting from the gasification of ion-exchanged coals at 900℃ revealed that Na_2CO_3, CaCO_3, and CaO were retained by the chars, with average crystalline sizes of 15-23 nm. The Na/Ca catalysts were thus finely-dispersed over the char surface, and their catalytic activities were maintained at a certain level during the gasification.
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Takeharu TANAKA, Takanori OKA, Kazuyoshi SATO, Takayuki TAKARADA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-3-2
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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In this report, the characteristics of converter slag as a coke additive for steel making coke was studied. The addition of converter slag before carbonization promoted CO_2 gasification of coke but reduced drum index (DI). Ca_2Fe_2O_5 in converter slag worked effectively as gasification catalyst. The converter slag does not react with silica block at 1200℃.
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Mamoru KAIHO, Osamu YAMADA, Hajime YASUDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-3-4
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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We propose a stoichiometric methodology to analyze the reaction state in the reactor of coal gasifier, which involve the estimation of chemical reaction formula of gasification and method to obtain significant information to operate the reactor from the estimated one.
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Ryuichi ASHIDA, Akiyori HAGIMOTO, Kouichi MIURA, Noriyuki OKUYAMA, Mak ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-4-1
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Steel industries need to increase the use of low-grade coals in coke making due to the recent rapid increase in coking coal price. To do so, it is necessary to effectively use binders, and it is desired to develop a theory on how to mix coals and binders effectively. In this work the coal fractionation method proposed by the authors was applied to characterize coals and binders. Three different-rank coals and two binders (HPC developed by Kobe Steel and ASP) that were heat-treated at 400℃ in ad〓anc〓w〓〓s〓arat〓d into s〓〓〓aOIractions Ka〓ing diII〓〓t p o〓〓u〓r weight by sequential solvent extractions at different temperatur〓 u〓 to 350℃. TK〓cK〓 icaOand 〓KysicaO〓ro〓〓ti〓 of each fraction were found to be almost independent of the coal and binder types. Then, it was clarified that the thermoplastic behaviors of the mixture of coals and binders can be explained by focusing on the relative abundance of the fractions in the mixture. It is therefore possible to determine an appropriate mixing ratio of coals and binders to realize the thermoplastic behavior required to obtain high-strength coke. This approach can be expected as a new mixing theory which is applicable even to low-grade coals and newly-developed binders.
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Hiroyasu FUJITSUKA, Ryuichi ASHIDA, Kouichi MIURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-4-2
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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We have recently presented a novel method which can not only dewater but upgrade low rank coals under mild conditions. This method consists of treatment of coals in non-polar solvents, such as 1-methylnaphthalene, at temperatures below 350℃. One of the remaining problems to be solved for this method is whether it can suppress self-ignition of low rank coals. In this study, self-ignition tendencies were examined for the samples prepared from an Australian brown coal by the proposed method. It was found that the treated coal obtained from this method contained little water and had the heating value corresponding to high rank coal. The self-ignition tendency of the extracted fractions was remarkably suppressed due to their small pore surface area which minimizes oxygen access to them. The self-ignition tendency of the solvent treated coal was smaller than the pyrolyzed coal, which was caused by the coating of the extracted fractions. However, the self-ignition tendency of the solvent treated coal was still slightly higher than that of raw coal.
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Hyun-Seok Kim, Noriko Mitsuhara, Yohsuke Matsushita, Jin Miyawaki, Seo ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-4-3
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Drying of Victorian low-rank coal that was sized from 600 to 850 μm was examined under various temperature and relative humidity conditions in the fluidized bed using air as a bubbling gas. . The self-manufactured dryer of its height and diameter were 200 mm and 22 mm, respectively, was used as the fluidized bed apparatus for successful obtaining the fundamentals of drying behaviors and the drying rate. The model of drying rate was achieved through the definition of drying rate based on simple equation with respect to drying gas temperature, humidity and equilibrium moisture contents.
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Hidehito ISHII, Yusuke KAKUTA, Motoyuki SUGANO, Katsumi HIRANO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-5-1
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The Hydrogenolysis properties of unused heavy hydrocarbons were examined. As a result, it was recognized that these hydrogenated products depend on the chemical structure of components of raw oil. Furthermore, the kinetics analysis suggested that the hydrogenated light oil fractions were formed mainly by the hydrogenolysis of them own.
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Atsushi ISHIHARA, Atsushi OWAKI, Kentarou INUI, Tadanori HASHIMOTO, Hi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-5-2
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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A novel zeolite-containing amorphous silica-aluminas were prepared by the sol-gel method using malic acid and its matrix property in catalytic cracking of VGO was investigated using the Curry Point Pyrolyzer for the first time. In the catalytic cracking of VGO, the yield of gasoline fraction was more than 60%. MA122-5-β, which has the mesopore of about 5nm, exhibited the highest values, 11.8 of iso-/n-, 0.27 of multi/single ratios and 95 of RON among β-zeolite-containing catalysts.
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Masato MORIMOTO, Yoshikazu SUGIMOTO, Yoshiaki SAOTOME, Shinya SATO, To ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1-5-3
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Canadian oil sand bitumen was treated at 430-450℃ for 30-120 min with water, nitrogen, or toluene using an autoclave to examine the effect of supercritical water on desulfurization. The relationships obtained between sulfur content and yield of liquid product using water and nitrogen were almost the same. The desulfurization mechanisms in supercritical water and high-pressure nitrogen were suggested to be similar.
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Akira KAWAMURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-1-1
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The aim of this paper is to analyze natural gas trends in Iran economically. I classify two factors that are composed of demand side, and supply one of this energy. I analyze how these factors lead to excess demand of gas, that is, imports of natural gas.
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Masakazu KAKIZAKI, Kazuo FUJITA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-1-2
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Transportation of natural gas by means of Natural Gas Hydrate (NGH) is now drawing attention as a challengeable method of natural gas transport for smaller scale gas fields. This study suggested that "a coal fired re-powering system using NGH" reduce CO_2 emission by 6% in the energy conversion sector in 2020.
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Yuki NISHIIRI, Sohei SHIMADA, Naoto SAKIMOTO, Kotaro OHGA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-2-1
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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CO_2 and CH_4 adsorption amount were measured for four coaly shales and a gas shale from Japan and the USA with the pressure up to 9MPa. The largest adsorption amount of coaly shale exhibited that of coal with medium adsorption capacity. Adsorption isotherms were well expressed by the modified DR and DA equations.
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Sohei SHIMADA, Kei TANAKA, Ryota NISHIZAWA, Naoto SAKIMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-2-2
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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A geological CO_2 storage simulator for coal-bearing formation (CBF), ECOMERS-UT(CBF), was used for the gas flow analysis of the ECBMR in CBF. The CBM production showed very complex history in CBF, which is not seen in primary CBM and ECBMR from single coal seam. This is mainly due to the migration of desorbed CBM into aquifer parts of CBF.
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Kotaro Ohga, Gota Deguchi
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-2-3
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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CBM recourses of Ishikari coal field in Hokkaido, Japan is estimated about 39 billion m3. Zero emission power plant is composed of a small scale gas power generation system and a generated CO2 injection system into the coal seam. We evaluated the efficiency of introduction of this system to a certain city. From the results, 30% of CO2 emissions is reduced.
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Atsushi MURATA, Motoki TAKEUCHI, Taka-aki HOSHINA, Tomoya TSUJI, Shini ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-3-1
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Gas chromatography using small TBAB semi-clathrate hydrate particles is examined as a new practical application of clathrate hydrates. To clarify the elution characteristic, some gases with different molecular sizes and polarities such as methane, fluorocarbons (CH_2F_2, CHF_3) and noble gases (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) are injected into the apparatus. As a result, retention times (RT) of noble gases (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) are varied according to the molecular size of those. It suggests that TBAB hydrate stationary phase works as a molecular sieve on the chromatography. Polarity of each gas dominantly affects RT of this chromatography in spite of the molecular size effects.
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Motoki Takeuchi, Atsushi Murata, Taka-aki Hoshina, Tomoya Tsuji, Michi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-3-2
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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CO_2 hydrate was synthesized from small ice particles under low-temperature and low-pressure condition (253[K], 0.7[MPa]) using the bench scale hydrate formation apparatus with ultrasonic mist generator. Average diameters of synthesized ice particles were measured by optical microscope with low-temperature sample stage and analyzed by image analyses software. Hydrate formation model based on diffusion of CO_2 gas into single ice particle was examined. Considering the suppression of formation rate by decrease of inter-particle spaces, the model was modified to reproduce experimental results consistently.
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Shinichiro Hirabayashi, Yoshitaka Yamamoto, Taro Kawamura, Toru Sato
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-3-3
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Microscopic numerical simulations of viscous flow in sand sediment layers with fine particle migration were demonstrated by means of the lattice Boltzmann method. The mechanism of particle deposition and the permeability reduction were found qualitatively and quantitatively. It was found that the gravitational force plays an important role in the deposition process and its phenomena can be explained by a single non-dimensional parameter.
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Taro KAWAMURA, Takeshi TETSU, Takuya TSUBAKI, Yoshitaka YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-3-4
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The capabilities of application of hydrofluorocarbon-methane-TBAB clathrate hydrates to heat pump were investigated thermodynamically. Calorimetric measurement clearly indicated that hydrofluorocarbons and methane are encaged by TBAB semi-clathrate. Phase equilibrium condition and heat of dissociation of them were determined by formation/dissociation experiments and thermodynamic estimation.
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Kohji OMATA, Junpei HORIGUCHI, [in Japanese], Seishiro KOBAYASHI, Yuic ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-4-1
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Dilution of the catalyst bed of Ni-catalyst is essential for preventing hot-spot formation during high pressure partial oxidation of methane. Particle size distribution of α-Al_2O_3 was narrowed to a few μm size after the precourser was changed from γ-Al_2O_3 to Bohmite. Selectivity to syngas was improved using this alumina as a diluent and as a catalyst carrier at high space velocity feed where oxygen conversion was below 100%. The result suggests that total oxidation of methane and syngas was suppressed. A variety of Ni-K-Al_2O_3 catalysts were prepared according to L_9 orthogonal array, and activity tests of the catalysts were conducted. The selectivity to H_2 and physical properties of the catalyst (BET surface area, NiO crystalline size, etc.) were regressed by NiO loading, K loading, and calcination temperature of Bohmite. The regression models were constructed by a support vector machine. Analysis of the models suggested that the H_2 selectivity is related to BET surface area.
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Motohiko SUGIURA, Takashi HASHIGAMI, Saburo HOSOKAWA, Kenji WADA, Masa ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-4-2
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Nickel-catalyzed decomposition of methane into carbon and hydrogen was examined using a thermogravimetric apparatus. The Ni catalysts prepared by an ion-exchange method using a spherical silica support that was prepared by Stober method gave hydrogen and carbon at 550℃. TEM observation revealed that multi-walled carbon nanotubes with an average diameter of 〜14 nm were formed on this catalyst. The effect of preparation method upon silica-support Ni catalyst for the state of Ni species and the catalytic activity was studied. The catalyst prepared under the optimized conditions showed a high carbon yield (2.31 g/g-cat).
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Kohei HAYASHI, Yoshiharu YONEYAMA, Noritatsu TSUBAKI, Akira TAGUCHI, T ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-4-3
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Methanol was widely used as a feedstock for the chemical industries and at the same time as an alternative fuel which was used in fuel cells. Because the surface area lowers in co-precipitation methods, it was difficult in the methanol synthesis to improve catalytic activity. Catalyst with high activity could be made by the sputtering method that supported the metal distributed high. The methanol synthetic catalyst with high activity was made by using the sputtering method in the present study.
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Yuki TANAKA, Yoshiharu YONEYAMA, Noritatsu TSUBAKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-4-4
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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A new method for ethanol synthesis from dimethyl ether (DME) and syngas via a two-stage reaction system was established successfully. In the first stage reaction, H-mordenite zeolite catalyst was used to convert DME into methyl acetate (MA) through carbonylation reaction. The MA produced from the first stage reactor was hydrogenated by Cu/ZnO catalyst in the followed second stage reactor to form ethanol and methanol. The effect of the variation of various metal-supported zeolites on the products distribution for each stage reaction was investigated.
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Aiki IWASA, Naoko YAMAMOTO, Katsutoshi YAMAMOTO, Kaoru FUJIMOTO, Kenji ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 2-4-5
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The process is composed of biomass gasification and catalytic conversion of synthesis gas produced into liquid hydrocarbons, that is, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. We have been studying on developing FT catalysts based on iron for the BTL process.
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Shota NAKAHARA, Daichi ASHINO, Anchan PAETHANOM, Kunio YOSHIKAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3-1-1
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Biomass gasification produces not only gas but also tar vapor. Tar causes plant to be breakdown because it's easy to condense and clog in pipes or engines. Moreover, tar removal process tends to be high cost, which makes biomass gasification difficult to disseminate. Therefore we tried to remove tar by using adsorption and absorption, particularly using waste-cooking oil and char respectively. These are expected to be low cost tar removal medium because these are originally wastes.
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Yayoi MURAKAMI, Haruki TANI, Fumiaki TANAKA, Kenji ASAMI, Kaoru FUJIMO ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3-1-2
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The present study is related to the new solid catalysts and the catalytic process of oil to make middle aliphatic hydrocarbons and CO2. To clarify the reaction mechanism of the oil and decarboxylation reaction mechanism of MgO the experiment that changed the W/F of model compound was done on the fixed bed reactor. This study was able to explain the product distribution of this reaction reasonably and decarboxylation reaction mechanism of MgO.
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Daisuke Kawakami, Yusuke Ikeda, Kazuyuki Hattori, Kyoko Suzuki, Tsutom ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3-1-3
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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Larch and birch loaded individually with nickel and iron catalyst precursor were carbonized in a flow of argon by raising the temperature at the rate of 10℃ min^<-1> up to 900℃ and maintained this temperature for 1h. The same carbonization was made for both raw woods. For liquid and gaseous fractions obtained as by-products during the heat treatment, their fuel characteristics were analyzed and evaluated by adequate measurements. The results showed that iron loading was almost equal to nickel loading in the effect of upgrading for both fluid fractions, irrespective of wood species.
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Hiroo Kunii, Liuyun Li, Tadaaki Shimizu, Hee-Joon Kim
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3-1-4
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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In this study, light gases were produced from biomass tar gasification by using limonite and dolomite, as catalysts. Catalytic gasification was performed in a fixed bed reactor at 600-800℃. Hydrogen yield was increased with temperature increasing among 650-800℃, because the water shift reaction was promoted by catalyst. Hydrogen gas doubled its yield under the limonite and dolomite mixture compared to limonite only.
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Yuki Nigahara, Paweetida Sungwornpatansakul, Jayasinghe Thumesha Kaush ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3-2-1
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The quantitative assessment of the transesterification reaction promotion by using static mixer that realizes emulsification of methanol in oil was conducted. Compared to previous mechanical mixing, the drop size of methanol with emulsion technique is one fifth. Therefore, diffusion-control process is almost skipped and reaction rate enhancement happens. This emulsion technique is also effective for solid catalyst fixed-bed loop reactor.
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Hirokazu TAKANASHI, Ryouji KUBO, Tsunenori NAKAJIMA, Akira OHKI, Takam ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3-2-2
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
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An emulsification/demulsification technique was applied to purify crude Bio-Diesel Fuel (BDF) for the purpose of reducing amounts of water needed. The emulsifications were achieved by adding a small amount of water to crude BDF. The added water was emulsified with ease because of existence of sodium soaps in crude BDF. The soaps are considered to be produced through chemical reactions between sodium catalyst and free fatty acids. The demulsification was achieved by applying AC-DC voltage to the emulsions. The amount of water needed to purify crude BDF was studied based on distribution coefficients of impurities. Alkali metals, glycerol, methanol and water were removed simultaneously from the emulsion by the demulsification. By microscopic observations, it was confirmed that the droplets formed by the emulsification were removed by the demulsification. The demulsified samples were heated in order to evaporate water. The obtained samples could meet the bio-diesel fuel standards, EN14214 and JIS K 2390, in terms of the impurities. By applying the emulsification/demulsification technique, the amount of water could be reduced less than 2.1 volumetric % of general crude BDF.
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Takuya ITO, Yusuke KAKUTA, Motoyuki SUGANO, Katsumi HIRANO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3-2-3
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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The applicability of the methoxide type anion exchange resin to the fixed bed reactor in the biodiesel manufacturing process was examined. As a result, the applicability was confirmed by using a part of biodiesel as the recycling solvent and by adding methanol excessively. It was demonstrated that process produced biodiesel continually for 30 hours at high yield under the optimum conditions.
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Masato Kouzu, Atsuko Nakagaito, Jyusuke Hidaka
Article type: Article
Session ID: 3-2-4
Published: August 09, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 22, 2017
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For the purpose of studying the pre-esterification of FFA contained in plant oil for biodiesel production, sulfonated cation-exchange resins of two types differing in textile structure of the matrix were tested for the solid acid catalysis. One of the employed resin catalysts was formed into the gelular matrix, and the other consisted of the macro-reticular matrix. Both of the resin catalysts were employed not only in the original bead shape but also in the powder form ground by an agate mortar. Oleic acid was esterified in its methanolic solution at 333 K as a result and the gelular resin was more active in catalyzing the esterification than the macro-reticular one. On the other hand, the macro-reticular resin was more effective in accelerating the internal mass transfer than the gelular resin. It seemed that retardation of the external mass transfer by liquid-liquid interfaces formed between oil and methanol phases was not so serious that the reaction kinetics changed from the pseudo-first order behavior to the zeroth one.
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