An aging population in China has made long-term care a prominent issue. Long-term facilities are accommodating an increasing number of older people. However, relocating to such facilities can be a stressful experience and may affect the quality of life there. Thus, this review study aimed to comprehensively determine the relocation experiences and perspectives from pre- to post-institutionalization in long-term care facilities. Six databases were examined to find pertinent research published between 2000 and 2022. The search terms were "Chinese," "aged," "long-term care facility," and "experience" for qualitative research published in English and Chinese. Meta-ethnography was applied to synthesize results from the included studies. Of the initial 2,114 studies retrieved, 25 studies were included. Seven core categories were identified as relocation experiences and perspectives: (i) decision-making and preparation for relocation, (ii) physical and psychological burden, (iii) attitude change toward relocation, (iv) self-efforts for adaptation, (v) care needs during admission, (vi) daily life becomes affluent through participation, and (vii) concerns about the future. This review study provided insights into the characteristics of subjective condition changes of relocation experiences among older Chinese people from pre- to post-institutionalization. Our results indicate that relocation support should start before admission and be smoothly delivered during the whole relocation period because of the transition concerns and subjective conditions that are connected and interrelated.

Objective: Nurses from China have attracted attention as a new talent in Japan's aging population. However, cross-cultural adjustment could cause psychological stress. This study investigated the relationship between stress-coping skills among Chinese nurses working in Japan and their cross-cultural adjustment as professionals. Methods: This study employed a quantitative research design and used questionnaires. Thirty-nine Chinese nurses who had graduated from universities in mainland China and were currently employed in Japanese medical institutions participated. Scores on the sense of coherence (SOC) and the Three Dimensions of Cross-cultural Adjustment Scales were collected from the Chinese nurses. The average SOC-13 scores were dichotomized. Then, the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The significance level was set at p < .05. Results: The average value of SOC-13 scores revealed a significant difference in the overall score for the Three Dimensions of Cross-cultural Adjustment Scale (p = .001). Significant differences were also found for psychological adjustment (p = .041), sociocultural adjustment (p = .024), and the subscale of "affinity relationships" (p = .044). However, "job performance," "empathic care," "workplace adaptation," "self-realization adjustment," and the length of nursing experience in Japan did not significantly differ. Conclusions: The stress-coping skills of Chinese nurses in Japan may be related to their professional cross-cultural adjustment. Additionally, a significant difference was found in "affinity relationships" between groups with high and low SOC-13 scores. Culturally favorable interpersonal behavior is important for nurses' roles. Furthermore, encouraging and supportive interpersonal relationships can enhance stress-coping skills. Support for relationships may contribute to their successful migration.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors affecting the onset and severity of oral mucositis in Japanese patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Patients who underwent chemotherapy at a regional cancer hospital between January 20, 2017, and October 30, 2019, were enrolled in the study. Patients aged 20–80 years with malignant tumors underwent inpatient chemotherapy treatment and gave consent to participate in the study. Oral hygiene, immunocompetence, and nutritional status were assessed. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 5.0 was used to assess the severity of adverse responses, and patients with oral mucositis grades 0–1 were assigned to group 1 and those grade 2 or higher to group 2. Results: Seventy patients were enrolled. Sixteen treatment plans were found. Group 1 had 45 patients and group 2 had 25. The following factors were related to oral mucositis severity: caries, periodontitis, unsuitable dentures (p = .041), frequency of toothbrushing (p = .024), and leukocytopenia grade 3 or higher (p = .030). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of oral hygiene, such as tongue coating and frequency of gargling, or the serum albumin and total protein levels. The risk factors for oral mucositis grade 2 or higher included the presence of caries, periodontal disease, unsuitable dentures (p = .041), toothbrushing twice daily or less (p = .024), and leukocytopenia grade 3 or higher (p = .030). Conclusions: Monitoring oral health and adopting preventive measures before and after chemotherapy can help manage oral mucositis in patients with cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to verify the effects of implementing the admission/discharge patient flow management (PFM) system on hospital length of stay, duration from admission to surgery, unscheduled readmission rate, and patient satisfaction. Methods: A 1-year prospective observational study was conducted to compare patient outcomes before and after implementing the PFM system. Data were collected from electronic medical records, matched according to surgical technique and age, and analyzed using the Chi-square test and t-test. Patient satisfaction was determined through surveys sent by mail. Results: A total of 1138 participants were included in this study. PFM implementation significantly reduced the duration from admission to surgery; however, it did not significantly improve the length of stay or unscheduled readmission rate. The patient satisfaction rate was >65%. Conclusions: Preoperative orientation and assessment by a multidisciplinary team in the outpatient department could reduce the duration from admission to surgery and improve patient satisfaction.

Objective: Herein, we aimed to develop and evaluate a program to improve clinical reasoning among competent-level nurses (i.e., nurses with 2-3 years of work experience). The primary hypothesis of the study is as follows: "Upon completing the program, competent-level nurses can understand the patient from multiple perspectives, resulting in the best nursing care for the patient." Methods: A quasiexperimental design was employed. The program incorporated the attributes and consequences of a conceptual analysis of clinical reasoning into an experiential learning model and consisted of a prior learning module and two training sessions. The Problem-Solving Client Support Behavior Self-Rating Scale for Nurses (9 subscales, 45 items) and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention and between-group comparisons, respectively. Results: Data from 57 participants were analyzed. The intervention group showed improved scores for the subscales "determine the priority of solving problems and respond flexibly to the requests of clients" (U = 241.5, p = .012), "persuade and convince clients to accept help that they initially refuse" (U = 226.0, p = .006), "customize assistance depending on the particular situation" (U = 214.5, p = .003), and "assess the effectiveness of assistance and provide support" (U = 221.0, p = .004). Conclusions: This program improved the ability of competent-level nurses to use multiple reasoning patterns to gain a rich, multifaceted understanding of patients and make decisions about the optimal care for patients based on that understanding.

Objective: Various medications, such as COVID-19 vaccines, are administered via intramuscular (IM) injection into the deltoid muscle. Although the depth of needle insertion into the deltoid muscle may vary depending on the injection site, recipient arm position, and the injection technique that bundles or stretches the tissue, no research has validated these observations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different injection sites, arm positions, and injection techniques on subcutaneous tissue, muscle thickness, and skin-to-bone depth in order to enhance the safety of IM injection practices. Methods: Thirty healthy young adults were enrolled in this randomized crossover study. An ultrasound device evaluated the effects of two injection sites, two recipient arm positions, and three injection techniques on subcutaneous tissue thickness, muscle thickness, and skin-to-bone depth. Results: The subcutaneous tissue exhibited increased thickness at the injection site distal to the deltoid muscle. In addition, muscle thickness was greater on the distal side of the deltoid when the recipient's arm was extended, while it was greater on the proximal side when the arm flexed. The injection technique involving muscle bunching exclusively thickened the muscle layer without changing subcutaneous tissue thickness and simultaneously increased the depth from the skin to the bone. Conclusions: The safe insertion depth of the needle for IM injection into the deltoid muscle varied depending on the injection site, recipient arm position, and the injection technique employed. Trial Registration: UMIN-CTR. Clinical Trial: UMIN000048289.

Objective: This study evaluated new indices for quantitative assessment of mobility in orthopedic patients who underwent total hip and knee arthroplasties. Methods: This observational study evaluated three new indices, the 5-m walker gait, sitting-rising, and supine-to-sitting and sitting-to-supine times, for assessing the ambulatory function of 33 orthopedic patients after total hip and knee arthroplasties in the immediate postoperative period. The validity of these indices was verified using the functional independence measure, and their effectiveness was examined by comparing them with previously reported indices. Results: The 5-m walker gait time had the highest sensitivity, and Youden's index was the most valid model fit. These new indices demonstrate greater sensitivities and specificities than previously reported indices. Conclusions: The 5-m walker gait time is a clinically valid and effective index of independent mobility.

This study aimed (1) to clarify the actual operation of death conferences in Japanese visiting nursing stations and (2) to clarify the relationship between death conferences and willingness and confidence for end-of-life care and the practice of grief care. We randomly selected 1522 facilities from 9557 visiting nursing stations nationwide registered as "providing 'end-of-life care' services" using the Long-Term Care Services Information Disclosure System. The number of selected facilities was determined according to the number of nursing stations visited in each prefecture. Request letters and survey forms were sent to the concerned facilities, and one nurse manager was asked to respond to these forms. Of the 1496 nursing stations that featured end-of-life care in Japan, we received responses from 247 individuals, making 220 valid responses. Of these, 113 facilities (51.4%) responded that they hold death conferences. Univariate analysis showed correlations between death conferences and willingness and confidence in end-of-life grief care practices. These results suggest that holding death conferences may increase nurses' confidence and willingness for end-of-life care and the practice of grief care.

The purposes of this study were to clarify the life experiences of persons with schizophrenia living in the community that form their sense of coherence (SOC) and to examine how support for community transition and settlement should be provided, focusing on SOC. Semiconstructive interviews were conducted with six participants. Interview data were qualitatively analyzed for content using a deductive approach. The SOC constructs of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness were used as predefined categories for interpreting participants' descriptions. The meaning of the data was interpreted and coded into concise expressions, using the participants' own words as much as possible. Multiple codes were collected, abstracted, and categorized. Comprehensibility consisted of three categories: uncertain outlook, outlook on the course of illness and symptoms, and feeling of being able to make a living. Manageability consisted of four categories: restructuring of life based on the activities of the facility, searching for ways to cope with illnesses and symptoms, relationships built through trial and error, and regrets and problems related to schoolwork and employment. Meaningfulness consisted of two categories: life unencumbered by schizophrenia and longing for being an "ordinary person" and having an "ordinary life." The participants' narratives included factors that both increased and decreased their comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness, and meaningfulness was considered the most important. The participants told us what they gave up and gained because of the onset of schizophrenia. Our findings indicate that support is necessary for people with schizophrenia to find meaning in their current life.

This study was conducted to evaluate the following factors: (a) whether baby massage has a stress-reducing effect on mothers, (b) whether baby massage positively affects babies' body mechanisms, and (c) whether mothers can form friendships after massage sessions when given the opportunity to communicate with other mothers. This one-month intervention study enrolled 24 mothers and babies (14 face-to-face sessions and 10 Zoom sessions). We conducted weekly sessions regularly for one-month in each group. Data were collected using the coping scale, maternal consciousness scale, and parenting stress scale. The maternal negative consciousness score was significantly lower at two and three weeks from baseline (p=.042) whereas the maternal positive consciousness score was significantly higher at three weeks from baseline (p=.026) in the "Zoom" group. The number of daily bowel movements among infants had significantly changed by the end of the one-month session in both the "face-to-face" group (p=.01) and the "Zoom" group (p=.039). We suggest the use of remote video as a new method for supporting mothers and babies. We found that baby massage improved maternal understanding and ameliorated maternal stress. This also constitutes a way to support mothers and babies under restricted conditions.

This study aimed to translate the shortened Information Technology Attitude Scale for Health (ITASH) into Japanese and to evaluate its validity and reliability. The shortened ITASH was translated into Japanese, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess its content validity and a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess its construct validity. Internal consistency was estimated by determining Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient. The study period was from July to September 2021. A total of 85 first-year nursing students responded to our survey based on the translated version of the shortened ITASH. Item-level content validity was confirmed by undergoing clarity evaluation. Multiple fit indices showed an acceptable fitting model. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.871, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The results suggest that the Japanese version of the shortened ITASH could be of excellent validity and reliability.