Medical research involves receiving questions that arise from curiosity and societal demands, formalizing them through scientific methods, deriving results, and answering these questions. Primarily, the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework is used for formalization, and the flow from question to answer is presented in papers that follow the Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (IMRAD) format. The Introduction presents the background and significance of the question, the Methods transform the question into a concrete research method based on the PICO, and the Results present the results corresponding to the methods. Finally, the Discussion compares existing research and clarifies the answer to the question. Healthcare professionals and medical researchers are expected to understand this structure as to read and write medical research papers effectively.

【Aim】To clarify the relationship between passion for DMAT activities and work environment. 【Methods】We conducted a web survey of DMAT members in Hokkaido. The questionnaires included individual characteristics, the Japanese version of the Passion Scale, and the Japanese version of the TeamSTEPPS subscale of leadership and mutual support. A logistic regression analysis was conducted by classifying the respondents into two groups according to the cutoff value of the standard passion and adjusting for predetermined covariates. 【Results】All 186 respondents were enrolled in the analysis. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that leadership was independently associated with passion for DMAT activities. 【Discussion】Passion for DMAT activities was associated with high levels of leadership, suggesting the importance of the work environment support for DMAT activities.

【Objective】 This study examined the life support nursing students can provide to people living in evacuation shelters after a disaster and the issues that need to be addressed. 【Methods】 We compared the items in reference 1, “Guidelines for the Health Care of People Living in Evacuation Shelters,” and reference 2, “Evacuation Shelter Operation Manual,” with those in reference 3, “Technical Items in Nursing Education and Achievement Level Learning Items upon Graduation.” We also identified nursing skill items that nursing students could implement and found difficult to implement. Furthermore, we identified issues in applying nursing skills. 【Results】 We found that 10 (29.4%) out of 34 items in six categories of daily living assistance, 8 (36.4%) out of 22 items in four types of inlaid aid in diagnosis and treatment, and 8 (53.3%) out of 15 items in three categories of basic nursing skills were feasible, corresponding to data 1 and 2. Items that were difficult to implement in references 1 and 2 included procurement of supplies and shelter operation and management. One of the challenges in providing life support was the impact of the differences between the onsite training and the environment at the shelter. 【Consideration】 It was considered necessary to integrate the existing knowledge and check the students’ level of nursing skills in advance of implementing the life support and to support the faculty from before to after the support. 【Conclusion】 This study confirmed that with sufficient safety and support under the guidance of faculty members, nursing students could be useful human resources in times of disaster.

The Hyogo Prefecture Medical Association dispatched the Japan Medical Association Team (JMAT) in response to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes. The Hyogo JMAT organized a team of doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, and coordinators and provided continuous support. JMAT’s activities must cover health and public health activities over a prolonged time until the local medical institution is restored after taking over from the Disaster Medical Association Team (DMAT). At this event, a dentist was among the JMAT for the first time in the history of disasters in Japan. JMAT, in which dentists participated, could respond to disaster victims by multiple occupations, and the cooperation with the dental association team that provided support was smooth. Notably, dentists from both the conventional dental association team and JMAT were dispatched. Therefore, when dispatching, between the Japan Medical Association and the Japan Dental Association, and between the disaster-affected prefecture medical association and the disaster-affected prefecture dental association. It is necessary to share information closely in Japan, and it is necessary to build cooperation.