Japanese Journal of Environmental Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2189-7174
Print ISSN : 0915-4698
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Volume 15, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Reports
  • Major Components and Fungicidal Activity of Various Commercial and Home-made Pyroligneous Acid Products
    Osamu Komagata, Naoki Motoyama
    2004 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 83-94
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11257/jjeez.15.83
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The major components and fungicidal activities of commercial pyroligneous acids, bamboo vinegar, and home-made crude pyroligneous acids collected from a charcoal production facility were determined. Large variations in concentrations of the major components were found among the commercial products. In case of home-made crude pyroligneous acids, the quality changed depending upon temperatures at which the acids were collected, being especially remarkable at high temperatures. Toxic substances such as methanol, formaldehyde, and phenols were also detected along with acetic acid. Variations in concentrations of toxic components made it difficult to do risk assessment of pyroligneous acids as a whole. Although some anti-microbial activity was observed against Downy mildew on a culturing medium, little effect was demonstrated on actual plants in controlling against three plant pathogens; downy mildew, botrytis rot, and mildew.
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  • Insecticidal Activity and the Effects of Various Commercial and Home-made Pyroligneous Acid Products on Aquatic Organisms
    Osamu Komagata, Naoki Motoyama
    2004 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 95-105
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11257/jjeez.15.95
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Pyroligneous acid products did not show an insecticidal activity even at a high concentration against housefly (Musca Domestica (Linn.)), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae (Sulzer)), and bean bug (Riptortus clavatus (Thunberg)), suggesting little if any potential for insect control by the products as compared to chemical insecticides. Laboratory testing of the repellent effect against the housefly demonstrated one of the products effective right after application; although the effect was lost in a short period of time after standing at room temperature. A pyroligneous acid formulation introduced to an experimental pond did not result in a significant change in the relative population of water fleas and midges. The LC50s of the formulation were determined in the laboratory as 0.27% and 0.25%, respectively, against medaka fish and bullfrog tadpoles. A comparison of the LC50 value converted to acetic acid concentration with that of pure acetic acid indicated that most of the toxicity was due to the acetic acid with a little additional contribution by other components in the formulation.
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  • Chemical Ecology of Astigmatid Mites LXXVI
    Identification of α-Acaridial as the Female Sex Pheromone of Schwiebea similis (Acari: Acaridae)
    Karin Nishimura, Naoki Mori, Kimiko Okabe, Yasumasa Kuwahara
    2004 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 107-117
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11257/jjeez.15.107
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study showed the sex pheromone activity of a female hexane extract from Schwiebea similis, which caused increased tapping behavior among the test males. The active principle of the hexane extract was isolated using SiO2 column chromatography, and identified as α-acaridial [2(E)-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-butenedial]. At doses of 30 to 100 ng, synthetic α-acaridial showed the same activity as that of the female extract. Its content was determined by GC/MS as 30.4 ng in the females and 13.4 ng in the males. This is the second example to show that α-acaridial functions as a female sex pheromone in astigmatid mites.
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  • Evaluation of Coppice Environment in a Kobe City Health Resort using Butterfly Assemblages as an Index
    Takeshi Takenaka, Kôji Nodu, Munehiro Yoshida
    2004 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 119-130
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 16, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11257/jjeez.15.119
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To evaluate the coppice environment in a health resort named “Village of Happiness” in Kobe City, butterfly assemblages were monitored by a transect count from April to October in 2000 to 2002. Eight families, 54 species and 2106 individuals were observed over the 3 year period; during which the number of species, several diversity and environmental indices decreased yearly. Dominant species were Zizeeria maha, Eurema hecabe, Parnara guttata, Mycalesis francisca, Ypthima argus, Erynnis montanus and Libythea celtis. The richness of individuals of the dominant species in both urban area parks and in a secondary forest indicate that the coppice environment in the health resort had been maintained in a general sense. The environmental stage existence ratio (ER) estimated from the butterfly assemblages was similar to that of a typical pattern of a primitive stage. This environmental assessment based on the ER was not coincidental with the actual flora; accordingly, discrimination of primitive and afforested stages by ER alone appears difficult in lowlands of the Kinki district.
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