The psychological states of enthusiastic sport consumers have been explained by various psychological constructs such as team identification and fan community identification. The purpose of this research is to confirm the statistical discriminability of the four sports consumer identifications. Specifically, this study was conducted from two approaches: (1) an evaluation using three methods to test the discriminant validity of the constructs, and (2) an examination using behavioral loyalty as the criterion variable. As a result of the validation of the study on consumers regarding the teams of their residential area in the Koshien baseball tournament (n=754), there were no issues with the discriminant validity of fan community identification and local city identification, however, there was a problem of discriminant validity between the two team identifications (group team identification and role team identification). In addition, the test of the relationship with the criterion variable (behavioral loyalty) using structural equation modeling did not confirm a statistically significant effect of group team identification, which should theoretically have a significant positive relationship. This study contributes to the theoretical development by testing the theory of the discrimination of sport consumer identification confirmed in previous research in other contexts. The findings of this study have implications for future research that attempts to deal with multiple sport consumer identities.

  Since the 2000s, the global incidence of using sport-related heritage, a form of cultural heritage, as a tourism resource has increased. However, in Japan, research on heritage sport tourism has remained at the descriptive level, and there is a need to learn from overseas cases. This study aims to present a strategy for the promotion of heritage sport tourism in Flanders of Belgium, using the KOERS. Museum of Cycle Racing and the Sven Nys Cycling Center as a case study to utilize sport-related cultural heritage as a tourism resource. The efforts of both facilities realize the multi-dimensional sport participation promoted by the Japan Sports Agency, which in cludes “doing,” “seeing,” and “supporting.” The KOERS. Museum of Cycle Racing allows visitors to learn history through “seeing,” while the Sven Nys Cycling Center offers hands-on experiential programs emphasizing “doing.” Guided tours at the KOERS. Museum of Cycle Racing not only pass on cycling and regional history but also play a critical role in “supporting” cycling culture throughout the community. These facilities reflect the creation and nurturing of sport through facility management that respects history and tradition while adapting to societal changes and considering tourism demands and educational values. They also create spaces where people from diverse backgrounds can “gather,” engage together, and feel a sense of “connectedness,” fostering social connection through sport between residents and tourists. The Sven Nys Cycling Center further ensures that “everyone has access” by offering programs catering to participants from beginners to competitors, fostering an environment where all individuals can experience sport. Through these efforts, both facilities contribute to key elements of heritage sport tourism using cycling culture, such as 1) tangible immovable, 2) tangible movable, 3) intangible, and 4) goods and services, with a high potential for application in other regions.

  Motorcycle riding is a serious leisure activity that brings “kando” as one of the psychological benefits to motorcyclists. Kando is an emotion or feeling that is triggered through several experiences. However, the concept of kando and the mechanisms of evoking it are still unclear. As kando occurs compared to past experiences and motorcycle riding requires riding skills, the kando evoked by motorcycle riding may differ depending on the riding skill levels. Clarifying the difference of kando evoked by motorcycle riding according to riding skill levels could contribute to exploring the concepts of kando and grasping the psychological benefits brought through motorcycle riding academically. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of motorcycles that evoke kando, the objects of kando during motorcycle riding and the components of kando across riding skill levels. Data were collected from Japanese motorcycle users of four Japanese motorcycle manufacturers through an internet research company. The results of a one-way analysis of variance suggested that kando is more likely to be evoked for motorcyclists with higher riding skill levels. They valued the variety of motorcycle models and the physical stimulation which they perceived during motorcycle riding. Less kando evoked for motorcyclists in the lower riding skill segments, such as novices, beginners and pre-intermediate. Additionally, regardless of riding skill levels, the results showed that socializing and heart-warming experiences were less likely to deliver kando through motorcycle riding, contrary to the results of previous research studies.