The primary material for the construction of hyperbaric oxygen therapy （HBO） devices is acrylic resin. Currently, there are no established standards for disinfection of acrylic HBO devices in Japan. In this study we evaluated the resistance of acrylic resin used in HBO devices to five disinfectants. We conducted material resistance tests based on guidelines from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers （ASME） and the American Society for Testing and Materials （ASTM）. We applied each disinfectant to acrylic resin samples, subjected them to stress, and checked for cracks. Cracks formed with 80% alcohol and sodium hypochlorite, but not with other disinfectants. Developing a reliable and straightforward testing method for evaluating the effects of disinfectants on acrylic resin in HBO equipment is crucial to ensure safety, particularly in preparation for future outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases.

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In recent years, the number of pediatric patients receiving hyperbaric oxygen therapy （HBO） at our institution has increased. Compared to adults, pediatric patients require significant adjustments to ensure the successful completion of treatment. However, reports on HBO in children remain scarce. In this study, we reviewed the medical records of twenty-one preschool-aged children who underwent HBO in a Type 2 treatment chamber at our institution between April 2022 and December 2023. We assessed the treatment completion rate and factors associated with treatment outcomes. Sixteen of the twenty-one patients （76％） completed the planned treatment successfully. Treatment was discontinued in five cases: four due to patient agitation and difficulty maintaining mask adherence, and one due to the caregiver’s inability to continue treatment. Complications occurred in three patients （14％）, all involving otitis media. Tympanostomy was performed in two of these cases. Notably, pre-treatment practice sessions for mask retention conducted in the hospital ward helped improve adherence in some patients who initially showed significant fear of the mask. Although HBO therapy in preschool children presents unique challenges, careful pre-treatment preparation and a well-structured caregiver support system are critical for achieving successful treatment completion.

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We report on our attempt to create a flowchart for the diagnosis of post-dive acute vestibular syndrome using the guidelines for the treatment of vertigo. 1） In the diagnosis of vertigo, first, exclude fatal disease. 2） Next, exclude stroke, the HINTS＋ method is helpful. 3） Next, we differentiate from inner ear decompression illness. 4） We differentiate from inner ear barotrauma using the HOOYAH method （H：poor ear drainage, O：onset of symptoms, O：otoscope findings, Y：diving profile, A：accompanying symptoms, H：hearing acuity）. 5） Finally, we investigate the presence of triggers for vertigo. 6） There have been reports of unexplained transient dizziness that do not fit these diagnoses.

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