Objective: This study aimed to examine the association the number of overlaps physical frailty, mild cognitive impairment, and social frailty and health-related quality of life among community-dwelling older individuals.

Methods: The participants were community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years and over. The participants requiring long-term care and those with missing data were excluded from this study. The number of overlaps and Medical Outcomes Study 8-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) were assessed. The physical frailty, mild cognitive impairment, and social frailty were evaluated using the revised Japanese Cardiovascular Health Study Index, the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the social frailty screening index. The number of overlaps between these three was evaluated. The outcomes were the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of SF-8. The associations between the number of overlaps in physical frailty, mild cognitive impairment, and social frailty and PCS and MCS were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

Results: Of the 438 participants, 126 did not have deteriortion, 192 had 1 domain affected, 106 had 2, and 14 had 3. Logistic regression analysis showed that PCS was significantly lower in participants with three domains of deterioration, and MCS was significantly lower in those with two and three deterioration.

Conclusions: The number of overlapping physical frailty, mild cognitive impairment and social frailty were associated with a deterioration in HRQOL among community-dwelling older individuals. Our results suggest the importance of evaluating multiple aspects at early stage.

Objective: There are few reports on the progress of patients with knee osteoarthritis living in the community after completion of physical therapy. In this study, we compared clinical scores and physical function at the end of physical therapy and 6 months after the end of physical therapy.

Methods: Fifteen women (69.2 ± 7.5 years old) living in the community who were able to collect questionnaires and measure physical function at the end of physical therapy and 6 months after the end of physical therapy were included in the study. The questionnaire confirmed clinical scores and exercise habits, and physical function was measured by range of motion, flexibility, and muscle strength. Statistical treatment was performed to compare the two groups at the end of physical therapy and 6 months after the end of physical therapy, after the test of normality, and to extract the effect size.

Results: Clinical scores on pain and activities of daily living, knee extension muscle strength, and hip abduction muscle strength decreased significantly at 6 months after completion.

Conclusions: Community residents who completed physical therapy showed a decline in clinical scores and physical function compared to those at the time of completion, suggesting the importance of regular functional measurements.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the current status of readmission among patients with multimorbidity in our hospital and to identify factors associated with readmission.

Methods: Among 331 hospitalized patients whose post-discharge progress could be tracked and for whom relevant data were available,223 patients with multimorbidity were included in the study. Data were retrospectively collected from medical records and rehabilitation logs. The following variables were assessed: basic demographics, presence of home medical care, FIM cognitive total score, and FIM motor score.

Results: Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that non-independence in upper and lower body dressing, as measured by the FIM, was significantly associated with readmission, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.04 (95% confidence interval: 1.57-5.89, p=0.001).

Conclusions: It was considered that independence in dressing the upper and lower body, as measured by the motor FIM, could reduce the risk of readmission.

Objective: Childhood obesity is a growing global concern influenced by prenatal genetic and postnatal environmental factors. This study focuses on the impact of gross motor development on obesity in infants and young children.

Methods: A web-based questionnaire was administered to mothers of children in nursery or kindergarten. The survey collected data on children's and mothers' daily routines and the ages at which children acquired gross motor skills. Children's body mass index (BMI) was calculated from their height and weight. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with BMI as the dependent variable.

Results: The study included 69 participants, 44 with higher BMI and 25 with lower BMI. Key factors for higher BMI were cesarean delivery and delayed walking onset. In contrast, factors for lower BMI included delayed rolling over and walking, younger maternal age, and exclusive formula feeding.

Conclusions: Gross motor development in infants and young children may influence obesity and weight loss. Future research should explore the causes of weight changes during growth.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether stroke severity, dysphagia, activities of daily living, and nutrition influence muscle mass in patients who experienced an acute stroke.

Methods: This study included 48 patients who experienced an acute stroke. Change in the skeletal muscle mass from the time of stroke occurrence for until 2 weeks were evaluated using a body composition monitor. In addition, changes in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Food Intake LEVEL Scale, Functional Independence Measure, and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index findings were extracted from medical record. Multiple regression analysis was performed with change in the skeletal muscle mass as a dependent variable.

Results: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was correlated with decreased skeletal muscle mass. Also, BMI, a confounding factor, was correlated (R² = 0.21).

Conclusion: The severity of strokes may be a factor that decreases muscle mass in stroke patients in the acute phase, but the contribution rate was low and confounding factors also influenced. Further, it is necessary that investigation include blood data.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of stay-at-home measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on psychophysical function, functioning and social capital among community-dwelling older people.

Methods: The study included 245 community-dwelling older adults who completed a retrospective self-reported questionnaire. Data on basic attributes, Kihon Checklist, and social capital-related items were collected for periods before and after the first state of emergency declaration.

Results: The total score of the basic checklist increased significantly in June 2021 after the declaration of the state of emergency compared to April 2020 before the declaration of the state of emergency. A negative correlation was observed between pre-declaration social capital strength and total Kihon Checklist scores. There was no significant difference in social capital strength before and after the declaration of the state of emergency. Notably, individuals with higher pre-declaration social capital strength showed greater increases in their Kihon Checklist scores after the declaration.

Conclusions: The lifestyle changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decline in psychophysical function and functioning among community-dwelling older people, with those having initially higher social capital strength being more susceptible to these negative effects. These findings suggest that future measures implemented during infectious disease outbreaks or natural disasters requiring stay-at-home orders should consider individual social capital levels when developing support strategies.

Objective: The early detection and support of children with developmental disabilities is a critical issue. Understanding the relationship between behavioral difficulties and motor characteristics during early childhood is essential. This study aimed to explore these relationships in four-year-old children.

Methods: Four-year-old children (N = 52)participated in this study. The study examined the relationship between behavioral traits, assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and motor characteristics, evaluated using the Motor Skills Scale (MKS).

Results: The results revealed significant correlations between boys’ and girls’ SDQ and MKS scores. Hyperactivity/inattention was positively correlated with the ability to jump consecutively with both feet. Emotional problems showed a negative correlation with standing long jump performance. Prosocial behavior was negatively correlated with consecutive jumping and positively correlated with catching skills for both genders. Additionally, among boys, 25-meter sprint performance was negatively correlated with hyperactivity/inattention, whereas standing long jump and ball-throwing skills showed a positive correlation with these SDQ subscales.

Conclusions: In childcare settings, incorporating activities that emphasize strength, timing, and speed may effectively address developmental challenges related to behavioral difficulties. These findings highlight the essential role of structured motor skill activities in fostering early developmental support.

Objective: The hospital had formed a team for fracture liaison services (FLS) and implemented activities. However, the spread of COVID19 infection made smooth activities difficult. Therefore, we decided to restructure the system of FLS activities and check the results.

Methods: Although, conventional FLS activities were conducted only by the physical and occupational therapists involved in orthopedic rehabilitation, who were positioned as an osteoporosis supporters to improve the efficiency of the activities.We investigated patients’ understanding of osteoporosis, adherence rate to treatment and awareness of the osteoporosis supporters.

Results: FLS activities can now continue smoothly. It also resulted in the following secondary effects. The patient’s understanding of osteoporosis was“well understood”(70%) and“somewhat understood”(30%),and the rate of repeat visits to the orthopedic outpatients after discharge increased from 45% to 67%,and in patient education of osteoporosis supporters awareness changes at a high rate.

Conclusions: By establishing our own osteoporosis supporter system, we were able to carry out FLS activities efficiently, which led to an improvement in patient understanding and the rate of repeat visit to the osteoporosis outpatient after discharge.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the improvement of walking ability and trunk muscle mass in patients with vertebral compression fractures.

Methods: A total of 105 female patients with vertebral compression fractures were included in the study. Patients were classified into independent and non-independent walking groups based on their functinal independence measure (FIM) walking scores at the time of discharge. In addition, data on age at admission, number of fractures, comorbidities, cognitive function, limb skeletal muscle index and trunk muscle index, and FIM were extracted. Logistic regression analysis and decision tree analysis were used to calculate the factors and cutoff values associated with the ability to walk independently at discharge.

Results: In logistic regression analysis, comorbidities, cognitive function, trunk muscle index, and FIM motor scores were selected. The probability of independent walking at discharge was higher if the trunk muscle index at admission was 5.4kg/m² or higher.

Conclusions: Trunk muscle mass was associated with improved walking ability in patients with vertebral compression fractures.