Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. E2 (Materials and Concrete Structures)
Online ISSN : 2185-6567
ISSN-L : 2185-6567
Volume 77, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
Paper (In Japanese)
  • Keisuke MINOWA, Takumi SHIMOMURA, Yuichiro KAWABATA, Takashi FUJII, Ju ...
    2021 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 134-149
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     This paper describes experiments and numerical simulations on the influence of weather actions such as temperature and humidity, precipitation, and solar radiation on the drying shrinkage of concrete. The test specimens casting at the same time were exposed at four outdoor locations in Japan and were measured the time-dependent change of water content and shrinkage strain. Experimental results showed that the shrinkage strain for one year was almost the same in each experimental location, but the progress of shrinkage in each season was different. By examination using the numerical simulation of moisture transfer and shrinkage strain of concrete that can consider the influence of temperature and humidity fluctuations, solar radiation, and precipitation, it was revealed that humidity fluctuations and rainfall had a great influence on the shrinkage behavior. A coefficient to consider the influence of humidity fluctuation and rainfall was calculated from the average humidity and the ratio of rainfall time, and the apparent relative humidity was calculated by multiplying the average humidity by the coefficient. It was shown that the shrinkage strain of concrete outdoors can be easily predicted by using JSCE shrinkage prediction formula which applied apparent relative humidity.

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  • Yusuke SUGINO, Mitsuo OZAWA, Toru TANIBE, Hikaru TSUNETO, Makiho SUKEK ...
    2021 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 150-163
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     The authors evaluated the spalling of polymer cement mortar (PCM) restrained by a steel ring in high temperature. The polymer cement mass ratio (P/C) was 20%. In addition, a specimen of ordinary cement mortar was used for comparison. The spalling test by the ring restrained specimen measured the internal temperature, restrained stress and water vapor pressure. The spalling scale after heating was graded based on the spalling depth distribution on the heated surface of the ring restrained specimens. The heating conditions were the RABT30 heating curve. The tensile fracture strain was calculated from the restrained stress at the time of spalling of PCM and NCM specimens. Furthermore, P/C and tensile fracture strain are shown by relational expressions. From this equation, the time which tensile strain fracture of PCM with P/C=5 to 20% occurred was estimated. As a result, it almost same the time when the spalling occurred. When PCM spalling occurred, the restrained stress caused tensile strain fracture of the mortar and a sharp decrease in water vapor pressure. On the other hand, the specimens made of polymer cement mortar mixed with nylon fibers stopped spalling during heating. In PCM mixed with fibers, gaps were created at the interface between fibers and PCM and by melting of fibers at high temperature. Water vapor moved into these gaps, and the vapor pressure was relaxed, causing the spalling to stop.

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  • Minoru HATA, Katsumi SUGIMOTO, Etsuro HAYASHI, Yukitoshi IWASA, Hideki ...
    2021 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 164-176
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     The purposes of this study are to develop sewer pipes with cementless mixtures (IBPM) and to use IBPM as material for various types of precast concrete products. The IBPM mixture includes four types of industrial byproducts consisting of fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, granularity controlled sewage sludge incineration ash and silica fume. Calcium hydroxide and expansive additive are also added as an alkali stimulant and shrinkage reducer, respectively. Strength development of mortal with IBPM with different proportions were evaluated. An actual sized specimen of sewer pipe with IBPM was also produced at a precast concrete plant and hydraulic tests to measure the roughness coefficient of the inside surfaces of the pipe. As a result, it was found that strength development of steam-cured IBPM concrete was adequate for precast concrete produces with compressive strength of 40 N/mm2. Reinforced concrete beam with IBPM concrete made by steam curing demonstrated almost the same load-bearing performance as those with cement concrete. It was also proved that sewer pipe with IBPM concrete had good flow capacity with similar roughness coefficient as vinyl pipe.

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  • Takeru KANAZAWA, Takuro NAKAMURA, Junichi SAKAGUCHI, Kazuhiro KAWAGUCH ...
    2021 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 177-186
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     This study presents a kinematic model for flexural analysis of RC linear members subjected to freeze-thaw action based on upper bound theorem. The developed model enables analytical derivation of the contribution of damaged concrete when a velocity field is divided into undamaged and damaged zones based on freeze-thaw depth obtained from concrete core specimens. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing its predictions with available 21 RC columns and beams failing in flexure after freeze-thaw exposure. The predicted results show very good agreement with the test results within error of 5% on average. Thereafter, the developed model predicts the ultimate moment of an existing RC beam, which was out of service because of combined effect of frost damage and fatigue. Close agreement is observed between test results and analytical predictions.

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  • Koki OYAMA, Masahiro HYODO, Masaya NISHIGUCHI, Hidehiko OGATA, Masayuk ...
    2021 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 187-195
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     Internal loading method (ILM) has been proposed as a evaluation method for the strength of buried pipes. The purpose of this method is to evaluate the deterioration of a pipe or backfilling soil from the relationship between load and deformation of a buried flexible pipe by loading from the inner surface. On the other hand, flexible pipes account for about 90% in the extension of agricultural pipelines, and application of this method to flexible pipes is particularly required. In this study, the effect of overburden pressure on the behavior of the pipe was investigated by installing a VU pipe into the model ground with different earth pressure under ILM. As a result, with lager earth pressure, the inclination of load-deformation curves became larger, and the curve lines turned to linear. In addition, the inclination of buried VU pipe under repeated loadings, became larger at the second and subsequent loadings than the first loading. It was thought that the soil stiffness had increased by the stress history of the first loading.

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  • Hyuga IMUKAI, Takumi SHIMOMURA
    2021 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 196-209
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     This study focuses on the tension stiffness of reinforced concrete members, which is significant for predicting time-dependent of crack width and deflection of reinforced concrete members. The influences of sustained load and drying on reinforced concrete members were clarified through systematic uniaxial tension tests on reinforced concrete members in which drying shrinkage before loading, sustained load, and combination of sustained load and drying shrinkage were investigated. The values of strain representing the influences of shrinkage and creep in the formula of crack width by Japan Society of Civil Engineers standard specification were reassessed by similar strain based on the test results.

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  • Eiji YOSHIDA, Yoshinobu OSHIMA, Masahiro ISHIDA, Takashi YAMAMOTO, Ats ...
    2021 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 210-229
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     The effect of a cable rupture in a PC box girder with complicated structural details of anchorage and cable arrangement on the load bearing performance is not necessarily made clear yet. In this study, the bending test of half-scaled PC box girder specimens were conducted to simulate the load bearing performance subjected to cable ruptures near anchorage zone. Their behaviors were also investigated using three-dimensional nonlinear FEM analysis. It was clarified that the failure modes of the PC box girder with a cable rupture at the web of one end and of that with cable ruptures at the webs of both ends were different from each other, and from that of the intact girder. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the load bearing performance of a PC box girder using the method that can simulate the three-dimensional behavior, due to the accuracy limit of the current one-dimensional beam model applied in design and evaluation practice.

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  • Masaki KATO, Kazumasa OKUBO, Yuki YAMASHITA, Shota ASO, Junichiro NIWA
    2021 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 230-246
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     This study aims to clarify the shear resistance performance of UFC beams with various cross section. Static loading tests were conducted on 15 UFC beams whose parameters were web position, web width and taper slope. The results showed that, three types of the shear failure modes could be observed, where the failed area in the web, the compressive and tensile flanges were clearly different. Besides, the failure modes where the larger area of a specimen was failed, had also larger shear strength. Moreover, as lessing the width of one web, the shear strength tended to be enhanced due to the restriction of fiber orientation near boundary. Based on these, the empirical equation to evaluate the effect of a width of one web on the shear strength was proposed from the regression analysis. Finally, it can be clarified that from the verification of 24 beams including previous studies, this proposed equation shows fairly good accuracy as the correction factor of web width against the shear strength of UFC beams.

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  • Yutaka IIZUKA, Motoyuki OKANO, Toshiya MORITA
    2021 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 247-266
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     We propose restrained lap joints with spiral reinforcement bars surrounding an lap joint to rationalize the joining of precast members; for this purpose, we conducted 5 series tensile tests of the joint with the diameters of D13, D16, D19, D22, and D25. Consequently, the performance of an SD345 steel joint could be achieved by setting the overlapping length of the main reinforcement bar to 8 times diameter that of the main reinforcement bar for the D13 type, and 9 times diameter for the other types, and setting the reinforcing bar ratio of the spiral bars to 6.2% for each. The structural performance of members joined using the smallest and biggest diameter joints were then subject to tests (bending, shear, and ductility), and results showed that the structural performance was similar to that of materials without joints. Moreover, a comparison of this junction to the present coupler-type joint revealed that the precast members material cost might be reduced by approximately 20% and the construction cost by approximately 10%.

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