To accurately measure wave-overtopping quantity by each wave, visualization techniques and Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) were applied to model experiments on wave overtoppings. First, the setting conditions of a high speed camera and a suitable tracer for visualization of wave overtoppings were investigated. Second, a measurement technique of wave-overtoppings was discussed. In this technique, vertical velocity vectors of the fluid running up and down in front of a seawall are measured by PIV. The wave-overtopping quantity, then, is calculated based on the integration of the vertical velocity vectors. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed technique was verified by comparing it with a conventional technique with a measuring box which can be applied to only simple regular wave cases.
 The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The investigation of small particles as a tracer showed that micro bubbles are the most appropriate for visualization of wave-overtoppings in model experiments. 2) The frame rate of 400 fps and the shutter speed of 1/500s are the best conditions of a high speed camera to record the wave run-ups. 3) When wave overtopping quantity (q) is larger than 10^-3(m3/(ms)), it becomes possible to measure q accurately by using PIV.

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 Reasonable and economical repair plans for coastal structures, which have passed after completion for several years, could be put into practice by verifying the validity using the latest knowledge, model experiment, measurement equipment and analysis techniques. This paper aims to re-evaluate the wave overtopping characteristics of existing low crested seawall with drainage by an irregular wave hydraulic model experiment.
 As a result, the current design has safety margin for wave overtopping and impact wave force by wave overtopping will not significantly affect the stability to the drainage. In addition, applicability of CADMAS-SURF/2D is confirmed as a method for study of wave overtopping characteristics for this type of seawall by calculations of the model experiment.

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 To reduce scarp erosion due to runup waves, Cable tied blocks were proposed and their performances were studied in a water flume. The spectral analysis was employed to the dynamics response between incident waves and runup waves and the low frequency domain was prominent for runup waves. All the data of run up height with cable tied blocks were obviously smaller than that without them. The one-third runup height and the ratio of the number of runup waves to that of offshore incident waves may be estimated with surf similarty parmeter. The modified Boussinesq equation based on non-linear long wave equation and the continuous equation were applied to the onshore-offshore beach profile considering the exciting of cable tied blocks. The maximum runup height could be caluculated.

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 Two new types of wave dissipating blocks are examined in hydraulic experiments to investigate the stability of sloping breakwaters. Improved stability number formulae were proposed from the experimental results. The experimental results were compared with TETRAPOD cases. One of the target blocks which has radiation shape same as TETRAPOD had about 1.4 times higher stability. Another new type block which is multiple legged shape with an exis had about 1.5 times higher stability. Relatively high performance of the new type blocks were demonstrated and analysed.

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 A new type of block, which is named "Moses block", was proposed to improve the functions of a submerged breakwater: wave reduction and mean water level suppression. The block, from a plane view, is an equilateral triangle with legs at each apex. The blocks are placed on the crown of the submerged breakwater, adjacent to each other and spaced apart, facing one side of the triangle toward the offshore along the breakwater. The block height should be less than the freeboard of the breakwater in order to preserve the visible environment. The wave reduction is expected to be obtained mainly by increasing the crown height of the breakwater with the blocks. The suppression of the mean water level rise behind the breakwater is expected to be obtained by inducing stronger outward flow. This induction might be caused by the difference of the flow resistance between the inward and outward directions because of the asymmetric shape of the block arrangement.
 In this study, to confirm whether the block can actually have the expected effects, model experiments were conducted using a two dimensional wave tank. The experimental results led to the following important findings: 1) the block should be set on the onshore side on the crown of the submerged breakwater to maximize its effects. 2) When the blocks are arranged in multiple lines, wave reduction and mean water level suppression are further improved.

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 To introduce the performance design into design of the armoured breakwaters, it is necessary to clarify the degradation of wave absorption performance with cumulative damage of armour units. From the viewpoint of change of wave absorption performance for the damaged cross section of armour layers, the change of reflectivity and wave overtopping flow rate have been examined in the conventional researches, the clear causal relationship between the wave absorption performance and damage parameters cannot be found. In this study, focusing on the reflection coefficient and wave overtopping rate as the performance measures for the slope-type revetment covered with armour units, the change characteristics of these performances under the deformation progress in which the slope damaging and levee crown lowering of armour layer are simultaneously generated, are investigated from wave groupness factors of random wave using numerical wave flume. Secondly, a neural network system is applied to evaluate the causal relation of the reflection coefficient, wave overtopping rate and the accumulative damage of armour layer. It is found that the neural network with a three-layer calibrated by the numerical experiments can be applied to evaluation of reflection coefficient and overtopping rate under the damage progression of armor layer.

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 In breakwater caissons covered with concrete blocks, repeated impact loads induced by collision of concrete blocks may cause localized failure of the wall. Generally, damaged walls are repaired after the localized failure is observed. On the other hand, a preventive reinforcement method for localized failure of caisson walls has not been established. In this study, an efficient and effective method of preventive reinforcement for caisson walls against repeated impact forces by using jet-grouting was proposed. The effect of reinforcement was evaluated by impact loading tests on models of caisson walls. The laboratory test results showed that the proposed reinforcing method is promising to enhance the resistance of caisson walls against repeated impact loads.

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 In recent years, existing quay walls have been expected to be reinforced against earthquakes for the purpose of effective utilization of the social capital. On the other hand, the seismic strengthening of existing quay walls needs huge budget, because high-priced ground improvement methods must be used for in-use quay walls. In the present study, the economical strengthening method of in-use quay walls was investigated by dynamic numerical analyses. The analyses showed that the proposed method by using a detached-pier style economically increased the seismic capacity. However, the response acceleration at the crane basement rail was too large to design the crane reasonably. Therefore, the dynamic cross-interaction behavior between the quay walls and the crane was investigated by changing the natural period of the crane in the numerical analyses, and this resulted that the response acceleration can be reduced by the effect of the dynamic cross-interaction behavior.

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 Authors proposed the cross section setting method for the design of open type wharves by use of the optimization algorithm in the past research. However, past research was conducted only on the large impedance contrast ground condition. This study first discusses the applicability of the proposed method to the low impedance contrast ground condition. Next, we discussed the soil spring model to improve the accuracy of the proposed method for thick liquefaction soil layers.

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 The strength increase characteristics of cement treated soils, which were made of 3 marine dredged clays with different initial water contents and cement contents, were studied by a series of strength tests with curing times. It was known that the initial strength of cement treated soil is almost determined by the normalized water content w'/w_L, where w' is a water content after cement mixing and w_L is the liquid limit of clay. The strength and the curing time shows the linear relationship in the double logarithmic plots, and the gradient is determined by the cement content. Based on the experiments, the equations to predict the strength of cement treated soil with curing time were proposed. The strength calculated by the equation agreed well with the strength measured in the experiments.

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 This paper discusses the methodology on performance assessment of un-reinforced concrete structures with cracks. Inspection on un-reinforced concrete coastal structures has been conducted to qunatitatively evaluate crack properties. The authors proposed an equation to estimate crack depths from their widths by the statistical analysis. Subsequently, an un-reinforced concrete parapet was modeled with various crack patterns by using the proposed equation considering the size of the structure. A finite element analysis was carried out to identify the relationship between crack patterns and structural performance of un-reinforced parapet. As a result, a deterioration grading criterion based on the surface crack width and the size of structure was newly proposed for assessment of structural performance of un-reinforced concrete coastal structures.

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 The seismic performance verification of a pile supported wharf for Level-2 earthquake ground motion has been carried out using effective stress analysis code FLIP. If the performance requirements are not satisfied because of full plasticity of piles, trial and error is required, such as to increase the thickness of steel pipe piles. Steel pipe piles, tensile strength of which is 400 N/mm² grade or 490 N/mm² grade, have been generally used in port structures. However, if it is possible to use a high strength steel pipe pile (more than 490N/mm² grade), port structures can be constructed at low cost.
 Aiming to apply the high strength steel pipe pile manufactured from hot coil (570N/mm² grade) to port structures, experiments as follows have been conducted. 1) Cyclic loading test of the single steel pipe pile. 2) Cyclic loading tests of the coupled steel pipe piles (pile supported wharf models). 3) Immersion tests for verification of corrosion characteristics. Consequently, it has been found that the high strength steel pipe pile (570N/mm² grade) can be used in the same way as conventional strength pipe piles. Design method has been also proposed.

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 This paper introduced characteristics of the observed offshore waves and vertical buoy motions observed by the two sets of the GPS buoy installed at the Northern Pacific Coast of Japan. Wave heights are computed by observed vertical buoy motions obtained RTK-GPS systems. However, the vertical response characteristics of buoy motions are not taking into account the computation wave heights. Authors show observed wave height is not correct when significant wave period are less than 6.0 s. Then, in this study modified wave height is proposed taking into account the wave response characteristics of the vertical buoy motions when significant wave period are less than 6.0 s.

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 A vertical mixing device in a semi-enclosed bay has been developed in a series of studies. The device utilizes the incoming wave energy as a driving force. However, in the previous studies, the device was fixed in the sea like a sea wall. In this study, a floating body on the sea surface is intended as a vertical mixing device. Various cross sections of the floating device have been examined extensively to find out the most effective one. Two major methods are presumed. One is to keep a quasi-fixed state to expect the similar effect to the previous fixed device. The other is to take advantage of the floating body dynamics for the vertical mixing. It was found out that the latter method is much more effective.

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 This study mainly deals with characteristics of hydrodynamic forces on upwelling structures constructed on the sea floor with comparatively deep water depth, say about 200m. Two different configurations of upwelling structures, typically a vertical I-shape plate model and a V-shaped plate model in the horizontal plane, were used as a practical model. The numerical analysis based upon the modified three dimensional source distribution method was applied to examine the upwelling structures in a coexistent environment of wavea and currents. Experimental verifications for such a numerical study were also carried out. It can be seen that the predominant fluid force on a upwelling structure is an inertial force, and the remaining drag force is about 1/10 of the inertial force. In addition, under the wave and current coexistent environment, it is found out that the effective inertia coefficient (Cm) of the upwelling structure increases with decreasing of Uc/C (current velocity vs wave cerelity). Some empirical formula of the effective inertia coefficient are also presented.

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 The standard units of turbidity generation by dredging operations, which play the important roll in predicting the environmental influence to the water around, are usually estimated empirically from accumlated data of similar cases. Near future, deterministic estimation method of the turbidity generation by dredging is expected to be required. For the first step of this approach, a numerical trial is made by the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The generated flow by grab operation was reproduced well by detailed discription of the shape and movement of grab with particles.

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 A numerical model which had been already developed by authors for understanding a characteristic of turbidity flow induced by dumped sediment through a vertical pipe is improved by introducing a modified Smagorinsky turbulence model. According to comparison with a laboratory experimental results, calculated results reasonably agree with experimental ones. As a result of parametric analysis by the developed model, horizontal velocity and momentum of turbidity mass on the bottom can be controlled by initial sedimentation load. In addition, it is figured out that thickness of turbidity mass on the bottom can be controlled by the clearance between the vertical pipe and water bottom.

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 Japan enacted The Basic Act on Ocean Plicy in 2007, and positioned the measure for Ocean issues in the country as one of the basis measures. And by Article 9 in the law, Based on an appropriate sharing role with the State, the Local Governments shall be responsible for formulating and implementing the measures that suit the natural and social conditions of their districts with regard to the oceans, in conformity with the basic principle. In Taketomi-cho, Okinawa-ken, the "Taketomi-cho Basic plan Ocean Policy" was formulated prior to the whole country in March, 2011 in accordance with the law. And the enterprise which the area should tackle was shown. And the request to a country was summarized.
 Moreover, decision of the measure was started also in Ishigaki-City. The city is planning to take in a sea measure towards the stability and improvement in civic life as a Ocean city.

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 With respect to the restoration of coast line, construction of artificial island has more benefits rather than the land expanding due to reclamation. To promote future artificial island projects, we conduct post project review and evaluation in order to find out success and failure factors. Especially, failed projects were thoroughly evaluated as well as implemented projects.

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 While artificial islands constructed in the ocean are flexible enough to be used for various purposes, including logistics and transportation hubs, urban functions and lands for industrial use, they are also useful as disposal sites for waste and dredged sediments, which situation contributes to resolving various problems in coastal zone. Following the study of Enoki et al. (2012) summarizing necessary functions for artificial islands by analyzing existing projects, we propose a couple of specific projects for construction of artificial island considering the current social conditions and the regional situation. We also summarized the possible status of the waste and sediment sources used as the reclamation materials.

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 Many projects aiming for environmental restoration have been conducted in semi-enclosed coastal waters in Japan. Although investigations on each of these projects have also been done from technical and social-economic respects, few studies cover inter-comparative analysis among these projects. The objectives of the present study are thus to identify the key factors enhancing the possibility of project implementation and leading to its success by reviewing and comparing a large number of implemented and failed projects so far in Japan. We find out five key points that should contribute to the realization of projects: (1) local demands, (2) internal triggers for the smooth implementation, (3) environmental regulation action, (4) cooperation and participation of stakeholders, and (5) preliminary field experiments with promising results. For realizing environmental restoration projects in the future, it is important to consider these keywords as many as possible when preparing proposals.

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 In Japanese semi-enclosed coastal waters, a large number of environmental restoration projects have been conducted in order to restore disappeared subtidal and tidal flats. Ito et al. (2012) conducted the post project review and revaluation to find out successful key factors.
 Based on their research, we construct a proposal method of environmental restoration project using an evaluation form consists of several important key points which contribute to the project implementation. Using this method, an environmental restoration project inside Keihin Port is proposed as a case study.

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 The lattice-shaped ground improvement by using cement treatment such as the deep mixing method is one of countermeasure methods against liquefaction. Its effectiveness as countermeasure has been examined with a series of model tests and numerical analyses which were conducted by many previous researchers. In this study, a new technique, in which cement treatment is not partially extended down to a non-liquefiable stratum, is proposed for generating more cost benefits. Under this approach, the treated soil that is fixed to the non-liquefiable stratum is considered to be needed with the partial reduction of the improvement depth. The fixed soil decreases the horizontal displacement of the floating-type treated soil, and this can prevent liquefaction in sandy ground under the floating-type treated soil. The dynamic centrifuge model tests executed showed the effect of liquefaction countermeasure by using the technique proposed.

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 Seismic design of pile-supported wharves against the level-one earthquake ground motion is carried out by pseudo-statics using the seismic coefficient calculated with the natural period of piled wharf and the acceleration response spectrum at vertual fixed point of the piles. Meanwhile dynamic analysis is also employed, taking into consideration for the dynamic interaction of piles and ground. The response behaviors of pile-supported wharves with the pseudo-static and dynamic analyses are compared in this paper. As the result, it is clarified that discrepancy in of subgrade reaction and the damping factor in the pseudo-static and dynamic analyses causes the difference in the response behaviors of the piled wharf. The behaviors with the pseudo-static and dynamic analyses correspond, resolving the discrepancy.

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 Tokyo International Airport was constructed on the offshore reclaimed land, where a liquefaction phenomenon will occur in many areas due to a strong earthquake motion. As for the countermeasure against the liquefaction, the static compaction grouting method (CPG method) has been adopted to this airport. The design of the improvement area and ratio in that method requires that ground surface displacement calculated by a dynamic numerical analysis results within the allowable value. Therefore, the suitable modeling method in numerical analyses is needed for the accurate design. In this paper, the new modeling method of ground improved by the CPG method is proposed to model the specific stress condition which was observed in the construction experiment. In addition, a series of dynamic numerical analyses by involving the above modeling method was conducted to investigate the improvement effect, such as the ground surface displacement.

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 Recently, a lattice-shaped cement treatment method has been used as liquefaction countermeasure. For generating a cost benefit of this method, the floating-type method, in which cement treatment is not extended down to a non-liquefiable stratum, has been proposed by the present authors. In this study, the floating-type method was applied for quay walls backfilled with liquefiable ground, and its effectiveness was examined by some physical model tests. The test results, such as displacement, response acceleration, and pore water pressure of model ground showed that the floating-type method was substantially effective as liquefaction countermeasure, although the fixed-type method was the most effective among the model tests.

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 We proposed a simple estimation method of the seismic performance of slope type revetment without liquefaction condition using one-dimensional earthquake analysis loading initial vertical stress of soil layers by elastic theory in the past study. Here,we propose a new simple evaluation method of seismic performance of slope-type revetment considering the influence of liquefachion. Calculation accuracy of the proposed method was discussed in comparison with the result of two-dimensional earthquake response analyses.

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 The capillary barrier is necessary to make larger the gap of particle diameter of sand and gravel material. The functional deterioration of capillary barriers in service for dozens of years is of concern because of the transport of sand particles to the lower gravel layer due to an earthquake. The authors found that the inclusion of sand particles into the lower layer can be reduced by using the crushed shell particles instead of gravel in the capillary barrier. In this study, the authors make clear the type, particle size of crushed shell and crushing methods of shells by column test using one dimensional cylindrical vessel and by laboratory experiment using a small sized shaking table. It is concluded that a paper selection of size and distribution of the crushed shell particles leads to a practical development of the capillary barrier which has long term durability and provides some possible solution to a recycling of fishery byproduct waste.

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 It is necessary to conduct two-dimensional nonlinear earthquake response analysis many times in order to evaluate probabilistic characteristic of residual deformations of a quay wall. We aim at proposing a simple estimation method of effects of variation in earthquake ground motion on residual deformation of quay walls. Variations in input strong motions are considered as variations in site amplification factors and those in site phase characteristics. As the result, the distribution of residual deformation of a quay wall by 136 earthquake ground motions is simply estimated with residual deformations by 3 earthquake ground motions.

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 Sand mastics, which have flow characteristics at high temperature, are useful for impermeable joints between impermeable sheets and impermeable bed in gentle slope-type seawall for controlled waste disposal. On the other hand, the strength is also dependent on the temperature. In this study, centrifugal model tests and FE analyses for a gentle slope-type seawall with sand mastics have been carried out in order to investigate the strength characteristics, the influence of the geomaterial characteristics and impermeable sheets on the stability.
 From experimental results, it was revealed that deformation of sand mastics was restrained by a constant overburden pressure. In addition, the strength decreased with the decrease of eccentric load due to a weight of the seawall and was evaluated as 2.5 kN/m² at 25 degree. From analytical results, it was shown that the stability of the seawall increased in the case of using geomaterials with large internal friction and impermeable sheets with large friction between geomaterials and sheets.

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 This study showed the two results of effect of the soil improvement using the drain for the preventing liquefaction method. One is a site investigation in the 2011 Tohoku - Pacific Ocean Earthquake, and the other is a shaking table test result using centrifugal model test. At the results of site investigation, the drain improvement ground did not liquefy in the Tokyo port and the Sendai Shiogama port. The model test showed the interesting results. According to the effect of the drain, the excess pore water pressure ratio of the improvement ground became a low value during shaking disturbance. And, the excess pore water pressure became to a low value quickly since the drain effect. Moreover, the density of the improvement ground increased during shaking disturbance since drainage of the drain. The stiffness of the ground was recovered after shaking since the density increased and effective stress recovered.

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 In this study, we conducted mix design tests and subsurface explorations in order to understand the characteristics of dredged soil with converter slag. To conduct subsurface explorations, we used the pipe-mixing method to reclaim land.
 From the results of explorations and surveys that followed, we found that it is possible to reclaim the land that is uniform. We also obtained a variety of coefficient values that are necessary for establishing the foundation strength.

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 Granulated paper sludge ash was developed using the dredged soil and paper sludge ash for the purpose of effective use of the improvement of bottom sediment quality in enclosed seas, and recycling material. We examined the field applicability of granulated paper sludge ash by the bioassay and field demonstration.

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 The new waste disposal site is the last place left in Tokyo bay which can dispose of municipal/industrial wastes, construction waste soil, dredged soil and so on carried from the Tokyos 23 wards. Therefore, a life-prolongation project for utilizing this area for a long period is on going from 2005 to the present. Its purpose is to increase a capacity of the disposal area by reducing the volume of disposed dredged soil by using the vacuum consolidation method. In this project, there were two geo-technical features. One was a necessity to evaluate the settlement considering the influence of the intermediate sand layers widely existing in a clayey layer. The other was a necessity to determine the vacuum consolidation period with ensuring the average consolidation degree of over 80% based on a comparison of the actual settlement with the predicted one. This paper describes about management methods of consolidation settlement, an intermediate sand layers distribution, the settlement properties and the volume reduction effect of clayey soil by using the vacuum consolidation method.

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 To investigate the rate of loss by abrasion of seawalls and damages of wave-dissipating blocks is important and indispensable in maintaining and managing coastal structures. However, there are few investigations of abrasion on a wave-absorbing seawall under the water surface. We have investigated in detail the abrasion of a seawall and damage of wave-dissipating blocks on the Oyashirazu coast in Niigata Prefecture to clarify the mechanism of abrasion on seawalls. The countermeasure against abrasion and its effectiveness are also explained. The improvement work could be beneficial for engineers responsible for maintaining and managing coastal structures.

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 In this paper, the deterioration process of coastal protection facilities was investigated using inspection data obtained according to "Manual on Maintenance of Coastal Protection Facility for Life Cycle Management". Utilizing the data, transition rates, which are considered as deterioration speed of facilities, were calcurated by Markovian chain model. As a result, it was found that the facilities which have a high transition rate exists in certain ratio regardless of type of facility or construction site. As future tasks, it is necessary to make a database of facilities regarding construction year, structural type and record of inspection or repair, and revise the manual from the viewpoints of inspection items, evaluation method, classification of degree of soundness, and deterioration prediction.

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 In this paper, in the case of stacking structure such as build upright wave absorbing block, we proposed a method for improving the earthquake resistance of the structure by installing a rubber mat between the concrete blocks. For the verification of the proposed method, we practiced the model experiment and the numerical analysis, and we confirmed effectiveness of the proposed method. First, we confirmed the vibration characteristics of the case with and without installation of the rubber mat from the experiment using the shaking table. Next, we determined the external force to collapse in the case of without installation rubber mat, and we confirmed effectiveness of the rubber mat placed in the same conditions. In addition, we carried out the numerical analysis for the experiments and confirmed the validity of the analysis measured the identification. As a result, we clarified the vibration characteristics in the case of with installation of the rubber mat and were able to confirm the beneficial effects of improving earthquake resistance.

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 This paper describes process and result of examination that was carried out to verify seismic resistance of seawalls and cut-off structures to level 2 earthquake motions. Two-dimentional effective stress analysis code named "FLIP"was employed for the verification of following two cases;
 1. Double cut-off geomembrain sheets in caisson type seawall.
 2. Steel sheet piles in rubble mound type seawall.
 It was found that cut-off geomembrain sheets were not broken in the former type of seawall by using "FLIP"only, however a corner in the latter type of seawall had structural weakness by using total stress analysis code named "ALID"after using "FLIP".
 To take countermeasures based upon the verification results is necessary for reducing environmental risks by continuous monitoring on leakage.

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 A breakwater is an important institution for protecting the property and the life of a back place from high tide or tsunami. In order to consider a design and disaster prevention planning, it is very important to evaluate appropriately the amount of subsidence in case of the earthquake of a breakwater. There is the finite element method as the technique of evaluating the amount of subsidence with sufficient accuracy. However, calculation load is large and it is unreal to verify many sections. So, this study examined the simple seismic capacity evaluation technique which changes to it. With this simple seismic capacity evaluation technique, three disaster examples etc. have been expressed.

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 Tsushima Island's marine ecosystem has recently experienced accelerating losses of wildlife populations and species, impacting fisheries. This study looks at methods being considered for establishing an MPA at Tsushima Is., the first such attempt by a municipality in Japan, and aims to serve as a consensus-building tool for choosing an appropriate area. First, we interviewed island people and observed sites jointly with local fishermen. Results showed close relationships between fishing ground locations and sea-bottom topography and tidal flows that should be taken into account in choosing areas for protection. We also found that making GIS data visually available to be an effective way to help establish MPAs.

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 Saga prefecture is making the regional plan of reducing the waste washed ashore according to the law to remove the waste washed ashore, promulgated and enforced in 2009. In this paper, the procedures for selecting the important areas where the appropriate measures of reducing and removing the waste washed ashore be carried out was presented. At first, the questionnaire survey to the people who lives along the coast and to the fishermen was carried out. From the results, the conformity of five criterias based on the charastaristics of Saga coast and the policy showed by Gorvernment was examined. Along the Saga coast, there were many places in agreement with the criteria A; the inportnat areas as tourism resources and fishing grounds. Furthermore, the area where the progressive approach has been done was selected as the "Exemplary area". The method to propagate the activities in the exemplary areas to other areas was presented.

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 The landscape is recently becoming one of the key items in designing coastal structures. The analysis of the relationship between shape and landscape (harmony) of wave dissipating concrete block were made based on the questionnaire survey. The result revealed that the round shaped blocks have been preferably accepted.
 4 items were selected as the evaluation index of harmony ,i.e., the length of lines on the surface of a block, the degree of sphericity, the block angle and the number of projection. All 4 indices showed high correlation with the harmony. The sphericity is considered to be the best among them as the evaluation index expressing shape of wave-dissipating concrete blocks from the veiwpoint of harmony.

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 Recently, night industrial landscape, which is called Technoscape, in coastal industrial cities has obtained social attention as new material for industrial tourism. In spite of rush development of each project, fundamental research on detailed present condition of coastal landscape or its evaluation has not been enough quested.
 This study attempts to grasp elements forming unique industrial landscape and its evaluation in Sakai Senboku Coastal Industrial Area in Sakai and Takaishi, Osaka, with the analysis of descriptions and photos abstracted from blog web pages. We analyze the difference of landscape evaluation and determination of position for landscape perception between day-time and night-time. Principal foundations are: (1) For night industrial landscape, people tend to feel "illusory", and reflect the different world in it, such as science fiction movie, background of computer games or animations. (2) People are inclined to choose the geographical position without visual disturbance, water front with wide view, and position where they are able to perceive industrial facilities as a complex of different forms.

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 20 years ago, in Hiroshima, most of a river mouth tidal flat which is famous as flying place of waterfowls was being disappeared by reclamation project. Itsukaichi tidal flat was developed as a substitute land of it.
 But, there was not sufficient knowledge about how to develop the flying place of waterfowls at that time. In addition, it was forecast that soil subsidence might continue in the tidal flat for a long time.
 Therefore, the environment of the tidal flat has been reproduced as flying place of waterfowls by the adaptive management that keeps observing such as the waterfowl, the benthos, and the bottom sediment, and geographical features.

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 A submerged bank was constructed using steelmaking slag in the sea area off Innoshima Island, Hiroshima in March 2002. Nine-year-monitoring revealed that individual number and species number of seaweed on the steel-making slag submerged bank were equal or higher compared to those observed on the natural stones in the surrounding area, and fish and benthos on the steelmaking slag were equal to those on natural stones. Moreover, growth of several endangered species designated by Okayama Prefecture were also observed. It was proven that steel-making slag submerged bank was effective to facilitate inhabitance for marine living things for long periods.

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 Many harmful substances are hidden around us. Waters and soils polluted with harmful metal ions are particularly dangerous to the living organisms. A large amount of harmful metal ions might be diffused in the water environments when the great earthquake occurred in the Eastern Japan in March 2011. The purpose in the present study is to verify the removal of various metal ions from wastewaters in the water environments by the porous concrete containing baking bone dust (mainly natural hydroxyapatite; HAP) and steel slag as a industrial by-product. The porous concrete showed more than 10N/mm² strength and 30% air space rate. We investigated the removal of various metal ions from the artificial wastewater by the porous concrete. As a result, the porous concrete containing 10% baking bone dust efficiently absorbed lead ion, cadmium ion, copper ion, ferric ion and chromium ion. Manganese ion, nickel ion and strontium ion were also moderately absorbed in the porous concrete. Moreover, we examined the absorption of ferric ion and manganese ion eluted from the bottom sediment in Yashima-bay of Kagawa prefecture. The porous concrete significantly absorbed metal ions eluted from the bottom sediment. To confirm the binding ability of the porous concrete toward metal ions in real sea, the amounts of metal ions bound to the porous concrete were measured after placement of the porous concrete in Yashima-bay. As a result, 2-3years later of the placement of the porous concrete, the efficient bindings of lead ion, cadmium ion, copper ion, ferric ion, manganese ion and zinc ion to the porous concrete were observed. These results suggest that the porous concrete containing baking bone dust seem to be available to remove metal ions from the water environments. Also, the useful metal ions absorbed in the porous concrete can be recovered easily with acid treatment.

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 The awareness of natural environment has grown in Japan recently. With a view to respond to diversifying needs and to restore natural environment which has been damaged in the past, various initiatives incorporating environmental functions into port facilities have been examined.
 Port and Development department of Kyushu Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism allowed us to carry out an experiment on a temporary storage mound for caissons in the waters of the Port of Hosojima, Miyazaki, Japan from March 2010 to September 2011.
 This study researched the inhabiting situation of seaweed, small animals, and fish and shellfish by setting up a seashell facility on the vertical surface of a concrete caisson on the temporary storage mound for caissons in the sea. We have confirmed improvement effects in the habitat including enhancement in biodiversity.

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 The objective of this research is to verify the accuracy evaluation of the chlorophyll-a (Chl.a) product of the worlds first geostationary ocean color satellite "GOCI" which South Korea launched in 2010 using the MODIS data and survey data in inner bay. The GOCI / in-situ Chl.a data set is acquired during September, November, December, 2011 in Tokyo Bay. As a result of verification, the significant correlation was observed between "GOCI Chl.a and MODIS Chl.a" and "GOCI Chl.a and in-situ Chl.a", respectively (Relative errors are 43% and 41%, respectively). Moreover, if the GOCI data in Tokyo Bay is corrected from the expression of relationship between GOCI Chl.a and in-situ Chl.a, in the range of in-situ Chl.a which does not exceed 40 μg/l, it is well in agreement with time series change of Chl.a comparatively.

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 For the sample collected in the Yatsushiro bay, the color data of color systems, such as Mansel of soil color reader and a digital camera picture, L*a*b*, and HSV, was used for the sulfide concentration on the bottom mud surface of submarine about the presumed technique simple and efficiently, and fundamental examination was performed. As a result, significance was accepted by the multiple linear regression analysis and the best regression which make an explaining variable the color data obtained by soil color reader. By the technique of not needing proofreading by non-contact, principal component analysis of the color data of a digital camera picture was conducted, and B, L*, a*, b*, and H were selected as an explaining variable. From the best regression which made these the explaining variable, the significance of the estimate equation was accepted and also showed the possibility of the estimate equation from a digital image. Moreover, it turned out that the influence which a* has on the estimate equation of sulfide concentration is great, and resulted in it being common in the explaining variable of soil color reader. However, if F value is not large even if analysis of variance performs f official approval and significance is found out, it is not effective in actually using.

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 Technique of covering sand by a fly ash beads has been established in sludge for one of taking measures the essential water environment improvement in the enclosed bay. However, there are few construction examples of the fly ash beads in the severe area.
 In this study, wave height and current velocity was measured in the severe area. Moreover, real scale hydraulic model experiments were carried out using these results. Movement quantity were discussed by various kind of wave height and unidairectional current. Finally, the stability of artificially formed sea bed using fly ash beads were considerated.

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