Purpose:
This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of infection control at an older adult facility in Finland.
Results:
An Infection Control Committee was established at the facility and an infection control manual was prepared and regularly revised. A nurse with 15 years of experience was in charge of infection control and constantly provided infection control education for staf.All items necessary for infection control were available. We found that the compliance rate ofmask wearing was 21.2%; apron gown wearing was 69.7%; hand hygiene after treatment was 8 7.9%; hand hygiene before treatment was 97.0%; and hand hygiene after glove removal, selection of appropriate handwashing method, rate of glove wearing, hand hygiene when moving to other patients, and maintenance of a clean environment were 100%
Discussion:
The infection control system in the studied older adult facility was well developed. Compared with previous literature from a prefecture in Japan, staf at the older adult facility had high compliance. Importantly, an experienced nurse was in charge of infection control and was able to educate staff. Furthermore, at the studied facility,items necessary for infection control reflect. Finnish medical economy, and such facilities can receive financial assistance from the government. The infection control nurse made eficient use offunds and provided items necessary for infection control.

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Background and Objective: One of the authors was dispatched to the Health Department of Central Lombok Province, the Republic of Indonesia as a japan international Cooperation Agency (JICA) volunteer. Exercise classes at the community health center were conducted by nurses every week to promote health among the elderly. Because this class takes about 30 minutes, it was hard for elders to complete the whole program because of fatigue. in addition, elders who lived far from the community health center rarely participated in this class. This study aims to improve the implementation of exercise classes for the elders with the help of a JICA volunteer nurse.
Method to improve exercise class: At the Health Department of Central Lombok Province, an exercise class was scheduled for the elderly after their health checkup through a video.
Description of nurse's activity: Basic exercises were demonstrated in a 5-min video made by the volunteer nurse in a new exercise class, which is a more simplified version of the 30-min exercise class consisting of multiple exercises. Thus, elders who participated in the new class evaluated that the exercise was easy to execute with appropriate volume and length, so they would do this exercise at home with their family or neighbors.
Discussion: The new exercise was accepted by elders because it appropriated for their health condition. Neighbors also got an opportunity to participate in the exercise. According to the health staff at the community center, simple and enjoyable exercises in a 5－min video were found to be efficient among the elderly. However, long-term evaluation of the exercise class is needed.

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Background:
As the Japanese government puts energy into tourism and schemes to accept more foreign workers to overcome a serious manpower shortage, the country is seeing a rapid increase in foreign visitors and residents. The natural result is that more non-Japanese speakers are coming to medical facilities. Medical interpreters are indispensable to ensure these patients receive treatment and nursing care without the anxiety of a language barrier. For this study on medical interpreters in this country, I reviewed available literature and discovered a need for clarification of the situation.
Objective:
To clarify the current state of medical interpreters in Japan and uncover tasks requiring attention.
Methods:
Using the Japanese medical database ICHUSHI (ver.5), I made a search using the keyword `medical interpreter' and analyzed the target literature using qualitative inductive analysis.
Results:
Four categories and seventeen sub-categories were extracted from 185 codes. The categories were (1) current status of forein patients requiring medical interpretation, (2) approach to language issues, (3) issues faced by medical interpreters, and (4) requirements for establishing a medical interpreting system.
Conclusion:
To deal with the issues faced by medical interpreters, Japan needs to work systematically. Establishing medical interpretation as a career by, for example standardizing qualifications, will be important to settingupa national system.

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