Journal of Japanese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of oral problems and to analyze the association among oral problems, sarcopenia and undernutrition in elderly patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 108 patients (mean age = 80.4±6.7 years, 55 men), who were consecutively hospitalized in a rehabilitation hospital. Oral status was assessed using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG). Sarcopenia was assessed using parameters such as hand grip strength, walking speed, body mass index and calf circumference. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF). Correlation analysis and univariate or multivariate analysis were performed.
Results: Oral problems were found 85% of the patients. Prevalence of sarcopenia was 43.5%. Undernutrition was found 35.5% of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that there were significant correlations of ROAG with age, presence of sarcopenia, MNA-SF score and presence of oral food intake.
Conclusions: Poor oral status is widely prevailed and is associated with sarcopenia and undernutrition in elderly patients.

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Objective: To investigate the effect of elemental diet (ED) and dietary restriction (DR) on QOL in children with Crohn’s disease (CD).
Methods: Twenty-seven children with CD agreed to participate in this study, and answered questionnaire for ED and DR. Their QOL was evaluated using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). IBDQ score was compared between 2 groups (Group A: daily ED, Group B: occasional or no ED), and regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between ED/DR and IBDQ score.
Results: There were no significant differences in IBDQ score between 2 groups. Only the number of food causing postprandial discomfort was significantly associated with the IBDQ scores. ED was not significantly associated with the IBDQ score. Children in Group A answered the reason of taking daily ED as “doctor’s recommendation”, and “prevention of disease relapse”.
Conclusion: ED in children with CD would not impair their QOL and children taking daily ED seem to understand its role and effectiveness.

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Objective: To determine the forms of phosphorus in the enteral formulas, total and inorganic phosphorus were examined.
Method: Sixteen enteral formulas were dialyzed using a dialysis membrane of molecular weight 1,000. These enteral formulas before dialysis and the residual compound on the dialysis membrane, were incinerated and phosphate quantities were measured using vanadomolybdate method. The total phosphorus minus the phosphorus remaining at the membrane, that is the phosphorus passed through the membrane, was defined as inorganic phosphorus.
Result: The percentage of the inorganic phosphorus to the whole phosphorus in the enteral formulas was 22 to 99 %. There was a tendency that the percentage of inorganic phosphorus was higher in elemental formula, peptide-based formulas, and whole protein formula in that order.
Conclusion: Among these enteral formulas, those of smaller nitrogen molecular weight source seems to contain larger quantity of inorganic phosphate.

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