This study investigated the effects of supervisor mentoring on the career development of student teachers who experienced "reality shock" during their teaching practices. To understand the factors influencing participants' professional development, the following topics were evaluated: interest in teaching, aspiration for a teaching profession, and degree of vocational identity formation. The sample consisted of 240 Japanese undergraduate students who were engaged in teaching practices at elementary schools. The results showed that for student teachers experiencing reality shock, insufficient mentoring led to a decreased interest in teaching, while sufficient mentoring led to an increased level of commitment to vocational goal attainment-an aspect of vocational identity. Furthermore, for student teachers who did not experience reality shock, mentoring positively influenced their teacher role efficacy-another aspect of vocational identity. Based on a comparison between the effects of mentoring on student teachers who experienced reality shock and those who did not, we concluded that supervisor mentoring is particularly critical for student teachers experiencing reality shock.

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The purpose of this study is to discuss issues related to the careers of football club coaches. Specifically, it clarifies the current state of the professionalization of the coaches and future prospects for the professionalization of young volunteer coaches (YVs), and examines their factors. Furthermore, it examines appropriate support measures based on the results obtained. Research methods included data collection by questionnaires targeting football clubs and statistical method data analysis. First, descriptive statistics for the entire data and crosstabs between items were used for analysis. Descriptive statistics, crosstabs and one-way ANOVA were used for items related to YVs. Currently, 26.6% of coaches are full-time, and 25.7% are other paid workers. YVs (25 years old or younger; do not maintain a living by coaching) comprised 15.8% of the total, and represented in the 51.8% of the clubs. Of these clubs, 67% predicted YVs would remain volunteers in the future. The degree of professionalization of the coaches varied depending on scale of the club, type of legal entity, and degree of policy modeling. The study concludes that in order to solve problems related to the careers of local sports club coaches, complex measures suited to the situation surrounding the club and coach must be taken. In response, the following 3 countermeasures are proposed: to proceed with club type-specific measures to professionalize coaches, to promote development of programs linked to career acquisition for young volunteer coaches, and to advance measures to promote civil organizations and companies that support volunteer coaches.

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