A reconstructed gastric-role tracheal fistula (RGTF), an unusual complication after esophagectomy, is characteristic in posterior mediastinal route gastric tube reconstruction. In spite of occurring rarely, RGTF gives various symptoms, leading to a decrease in the patient's quality of life (QOL), which is often fatal. Therefore, early detection and appropriate treatment are required to improve the patient's QOL.

Although curative treatment for RGTF is surgery, in a poor general condition, conservative treatments such as airway stenting should be considered.

This case report shows a successful case where tracheal stenting was performed for an RGTF after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. A man in his 70s who underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy and posterior medial route gastric tube reconstruction at 1 month before. Since the patient's general condition was poor, and surgical treatment was difficult, he was referred to our hospital for undergoing tracheal stent surgery for curing the RGTF. A silicon stent was placed by a rigid bronchoscope under general anesthesia. Air leak from the gastric tube disappeared immediately after the tracheal stent was placed, and the general condition also improved.

We encountered a female with citrine deficiency (CD) that was initially diagnosed with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia because of steatorrhea with poor weight gain at two months of age at a medical check-up for nursery school. Her newborn mass screening results were negative. Because a blood test revealed an increase in hepatobiliary enzymes, she was referred to our hospital. Biliary atresia was negative on intraoperative cholangiographical findings, and CD was diagnosed based on plasma amino acid analysis performed at admission. Because galactosemia was also observed, galactose-free milk was started, and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, fat-soluble vitamins, and biliary drugs were administered. Her symptoms, including failure to thrive, improved. Infantile-onset CD is often diagnosed because of jaundice and gray stool, as suggested by the stool color card, which is generally used in Japan within the second half of the first year of life. However, some cases have spontaneous improvement of these characteristic symptoms without any medical approach followed by adult-onset type II citrullinemia after adolescence. In addition to the 1- and 3- to 4-month-old medical examinations, poor weight gain and changes in stool color at the time of consultation in early infancy were important for the early diagnosis of CD in this case.

We report the case of a 71-year-old woman with nivolumab-induced colitis, which was successfully treated with corticosteroid treatment. She underwent left-sided nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in 1989 at 43 years of age. Sorafenib was initiated in 2015 owing to progression of lung and adrenal metastasis; however, it was discontinued in 2016 secondary to nausea. In March 2017, she was switched to nivolumab administered as a biweekly dose of 3.0 mg/kg/day to treat worsening lung and adrenal metastasis. A partial response was observed after the administration of 7 cycles of nivolumab. In August 2017, she developed vomiting, severe diarrhea, and high fever after the administration of 10 cycles of nivolumab, necessitating admission to our hospital on an emergency basis. Initially, we suspected both, infectious enteritis and nivolumab-induced colitis, and she received meropenem; however, her symptoms persisted. Computed tomography showed intestinal wall thickening compatible with nivolumab-induced colitis. Thus, we initiated intravenous methylprednisolone therapy at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day. Her symptoms improved soon after the initiation of steroid, without any relapse. Nivolumab was discontinued based on the Immune-mediated Adverse Reactions Management Guide. Nivolumab-induced colitis may precipitate medical emergencies. Therefore, clinicians should be familiar with this condition and its appropriate management.

Cardiac injury following blunt chest trauma can be fatal; therefore, immediate transportation, correct diagnosis, and early surgical treatment are critical. We describe right atrial appendage rupture due to blunt chest trauma sustained in a motor vehicle accident. A 25-year-old male who was transported to our hospital immediately after a traffic accident arrived in a state of shock. Focused assessment with sonography for trauma revealed cardiac tamponade and pericardiocentesis improved his hemodynamics. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed a right atrial appendage rupture. A clamshell thoracotomy proceeded in the operating room and a large volume of blood erupted. We clamped and sutured three ruptures and placed a drain. The postoperative course was uneventful, and arrhythmia did not occur. The drain was withdrawn on post-operative day (POD) 4 and the patient was discharged from hospital on POD 15 without sequelae. A clamshell thoracotomy is more prompt than a median sternotomy, it does not require specialized equipment, and it is an effective approach to resuscitation after severe chest trauma. The outcome of a ruptured right atrial appendage determined by preoperative CT and cardiac tamponade treated with pericardiocentesis was good. The present report describes this patient and our findings from a literature review.

The patient was a 34-year-old male scheduled for submucous resection of the nasal septum and inferior nasal concha. Shortly after the administration of 2 g piperacillin to prevent postoperative infection, he suffered a sudden cardiovascular collapse (systolic blood pressure 44 mmHg, heart rate 93 beats per minute, 87 % SpO₂). At first, we considered this was caused by vasodilator effects from the anesthetic and we administered phenylephrine, which did not stabilize his hemodynamic status. In addition, erythema developed on his thigh. Because we suspected anaphylactic shock, anesthetic drugs were discontinued immediately and resuscitative treatment began. A diagnosis of anaphylactoid reaction was confirmed from blood tests that showed normal non-specific IgE antibody levels, low serum complement, high plasma histamine, and high plasma tryptase. Although an intradermal test revealed a positive reaction to piperacillin, we could not totally rule out other drugs that might have been involved in the reaction. Subsequently, the operation was performed uneventfully under local anesthesia.