Supersonic flows in two-dimensional nozzle have been investigated numerically by the method of characteristics. In order to confirm the calculated values a visualization study was carried out in the supersonic-flow wind tunnel with the two-dimensional half nozzles. In the cases, the radius of curvature of throat wall/throat width ratio were 4 and 5. The Mach number in the test section of nozzle was taken to be 1. 71. The Mach number of local flow was determined from the Mach angle generated by the wedge-formed tape, the small groove on the center line plate and grains of unvarnished wooden center line surface. The experimental results were in good agreement with the calculated values.

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A fluid flow mapper is used as equipment to make potential flow visibly. The authors have been visualized the lines of electric force in two dimensional electrostatic fields by means of the fluid flow mapper. Space charge distributions in electric fields having an axisymmetric property are simulated by a fixed sand-bed which behaves as distributed sources or sinks in the fluid flow mapper. In this paper, the fluid flow mapper is applied ito visualize and analyze axisymmetric three dimensional fields with space charges formed n a needle-plane electrode system used in dielectric breakdown tests. Furthermore, this paper describes the method analyzing space charge densities from the experimental results of flow patterns.

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